{"id":363,"date":"2026-01-26T01:31:14","date_gmt":"2026-01-25T17:31:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/skwp.zeabur.app\/2026\/01\/26\/%e3%80%90pytest-%e6%95%99%e5%ad%b8%e3%80%9102-%e6%92%b0%e5%af%ab%e4%bd%a0%e7%9a%84%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%80%e5%80%8b%e6%b8%ac%e8%a9%a6%ef%bc%9a%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e8%aa%9e%e6%b3%95%e8%88%87%e6%96%b7%e8%a8%80\/"},"modified":"2026-01-26T01:31:14","modified_gmt":"2026-01-25T17:31:14","slug":"%e3%80%90pytest-%e6%95%99%e5%ad%b8%e3%80%9102-%e6%92%b0%e5%af%ab%e4%bd%a0%e7%9a%84%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%80%e5%80%8b%e6%b8%ac%e8%a9%a6%ef%bc%9a%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e8%aa%9e%e6%b3%95%e8%88%87%e6%96%b7%e8%a8%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.itsmygo.uk\/wordpress\/2026\/01\/26\/%e3%80%90pytest-%e6%95%99%e5%ad%b8%e3%80%9102-%e6%92%b0%e5%af%ab%e4%bd%a0%e7%9a%84%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%80%e5%80%8b%e6%b8%ac%e8%a9%a6%ef%bc%9a%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e8%aa%9e%e6%b3%95%e8%88%87%e6%96%b7%e8%a8%80\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010pytest \u6559\u5b78\u3011#02 \u64b0\u5beb\u4f60\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u6e2c\u8a66\uff1a\u57fa\u672c\u8a9e\u6cd5\u8207\u65b7\u8a00"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"quiz-basic\">\n<style>\n#quiz-basic .question {\n        background: white;\n        border-radius: 8px;\n        padding: 20px;\n        margin: 20px 0;\n        box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n      }#quiz-basic .question h3 {\n        margin-top: 0;\n        color: #333;\n      }#quiz-basic .options {\n        list-style: none;\n        padding: 0;\n      }#quiz-basic .options li {\n        padding: 12px 15px;\n        margin: 8px 0;\n        border: 2px solid #ddd;\n        border-radius: 6px;\n        cursor: pointer;\n        transition: all 0.2s;\n      }#quiz-basic .options li:hover:not(.disabled) {\n        border-color: #4caf50;\n        background: #f0fff0;\n      }#quiz-basic .options li.correct {\n        border-color: #4caf50;\n        background: #e8f5e9;\n      }#quiz-basic .options li.wrong {\n        border-color: #f44336;\n        background: #ffebee;\n      }#quiz-basic .options li.disabled {\n        cursor: default;\n        opacity: 0.7;\n      }#quiz-basic .options li.show-answer {\n        border-color: #4caf50;\n        background: #e8f5e9;\n      }#quiz-basic .feedback {\n        margin-top: 15px;\n        padding: 12px;\n        border-radius: 6px;\n        display: none;\n      }#quiz-basic .feedback.correct {\n        background: #e8f5e9;\n        color: #2e7d32;\n        display: block;\n      }#quiz-basic .feedback.wrong {\n        background: #ffebee;\n        color: #c62828;\n        display: block;\n      }#quiz-basic .score {\n        text-align: center;\n        font-size: 1.5em;\n        padding: 20px;\n        background: white;\n        border-radius: 8px;\n        margin-top: 20px;\n      }#quiz-basic .code-block {\n        background: #1e1e1e;\n        color: #d4d4d4;\n        padding: 14px;\n        border-radius: 6px;\n        font-family: \"Monaco\", \"Consolas\", \"Courier New\", monospace;\n        font-size: 0.9em;\n        overflow-x: auto;\n        margin: 12px 0;\n        white-space: pre-wrap;\n      }\n<\/style>\n<h1>\u6e2c\u9a57\uff1a\u64b0\u5beb\u4f60\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u6e2c\u8a66\uff1a\u57fa\u672c\u8a9e\u6cd5\u8207\u65b7\u8a00<\/h1>\n    <p>\u5171 5 \u984c\uff0c\u9ede\u9078\u7b54\u6848\u5f8c\u6703\u7acb\u5373\u986f\u793a\u7d50\u679c<\/p>\n\n    <div class=\"question\" id=\"q1\">\n      <h3>1. pytest \u5982\u4f55\u81ea\u52d5\u627e\u5230\u6e2c\u8a66\u51fd\u5f0f\uff1f<\/h3>\n      <ul class=\"options\">\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(1, 'A', 'B')\">A. \u51fd\u5f0f\u540d\u7a31\u5fc5\u9808\u4ee5 <code>check_<\/code> \u958b\u982d<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(1, 'B', 'B')\">B. \u51fd\u5f0f\u540d\u7a31\u5fc5\u9808\u4ee5 <code>test_<\/code> \u958b\u982d<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(1, 'C', 'B')\">C. \u51fd\u5f0f\u5fc5\u9808\u52a0\u4e0a <code>@test<\/code> \u88dd\u98fe\u5668<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(1, 'D', 'B')\">D. \u51fd\u5f0f\u5fc5\u9808\u5728 <code>__main__<\/code> \u5340\u584a\u4e2d\u5b9a\u7fa9<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n      <div class=\"feedback\" id=\"fb1\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"question\" id=\"q2\">\n      <h3>2. \u4e0b\u5217\u54ea\u500b\u6a94\u6848\u547d\u540d\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab pytest \u81ea\u52d5\u767c\u73fe\uff1f<\/h3>\n      <ul class=\"options\">\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(2, 'A', 'C')\">A. <code>calculator_tests.py<\/code><\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(2, 'B', 'C')\">B. <code>tests_calculator.py<\/code><\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(2, 'C', 'C')\">C. <code>calculator_test.py<\/code><\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(2, 'D', 'C')\">D. <code>check_calculator.py<\/code><\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n      <div class=\"feedback\" id=\"fb2\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"question\" id=\"q3\">\n      <h3>3. \u5728 pytest \u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u6e2c\u8a66\u4e00\u500b\u51fd\u5f0f\u662f\u5426\u6703\u62cb\u51fa <code>ValueError<\/code> \u4f8b\u5916\uff1f<\/h3>\n      <ul class=\"options\">\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(3, 'A', 'D')\">A. \u4f7f\u7528 <code>assert ValueError<\/code><\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(3, 'B', 'D')\">B. \u4f7f\u7528 <code>try...except<\/code> \u5340\u584a\u4e26\u624b\u52d5 assert<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(3, 'C', 'D')\">C. \u4f7f\u7528 <code>pytest.expect(ValueError)<\/code><\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(3, 'D', 'D')\">D. \u4f7f\u7528 <code>with pytest.raises(ValueError):<\/code><\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n      <div class=\"feedback\" id=\"fb3\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"question\" id=\"q4\">\n      <h3>4. \u57f7\u884c pytest \u6642\uff0c\u6e2c\u8a66\u8f38\u51fa\u4e2d\u7684 <code>FAILED<\/code> \u72c0\u614b\u4ee3\u8868\u4ec0\u9ebc\u610f\u601d\uff1f<\/h3>\n      <ul class=\"options\">\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(4, 'A', 'B')\">A. \u6e2c\u8a66\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u672c\u8eab\u6709\u8a9e\u6cd5\u932f\u8aa4<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(4, 'B', 'B')\">B. \u65b7\u8a00\u5931\u6557\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u9810\u671f<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(4, 'C', 'B')\">C. import \u6a21\u7d44\u5931\u6557<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(4, 'D', 'B')\">D. \u6e2c\u8a66\u88ab\u8df3\u904e<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n      <div class=\"feedback\" id=\"fb4\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"question\" id=\"q5\">\n      <h3>5. \u4e0b\u5217 pytest \u57f7\u884c\u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0c\u54ea\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u57f7\u884c\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6e2c\u8a66\u51fd\u5f0f <code>test_add<\/code>\uff1f<\/h3>\n      <ul class=\"options\">\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(5, 'A', 'C')\">A. <code>pytest --only test_add<\/code><\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(5, 'B', 'C')\">B. <code>pytest -f test_add<\/code><\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(5, 'C', 'C')\">C. <code>pytest test_calculator.py::test_add<\/code><\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(5, 'D', 'C')\">D. <code>pytest --run test_add<\/code><\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n      <div class=\"feedback\" id=\"fb5\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"score\" id=\"score\" style=\"display:none;\"><\/div>\n<script>\n\n      let answered = 0;\n      let correct = 0;\n      const total = 5;\n      const explanations = {\n        1: \"pytest \u7684\u6e2c\u8a66\u767c\u73fe\u898f\u5247\u8981\u6c42\u6e2c\u8a66\u51fd\u5f0f\u540d\u7a31\u5fc5\u9808\u4ee5 <code>test_<\/code> \u958b\u982d\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u547d\u540d\u6163\u4f8b\u8b93\u4f60\u4e00\u773c\u5c31\u80fd\u5340\u5206\u300c\u6b63\u5f0f\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u300d\u548c\u300c\u6e2c\u8a66\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u300d\u3002\",\n        2: \"pytest \u652f\u63f4\u5169\u7a2e\u6e2c\u8a66\u6a94\u6848\u547d\u540d\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u6a94\u540d\u4ee5 <code>test_<\/code> \u958b\u982d\uff08\u5982 <code>test_calculator.py<\/code>\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u4ee5 <code>_test.py<\/code> \u7d50\u5c3e\uff08\u5982 <code>calculator_test.py<\/code>\uff09\u3002\",\n        3: \"pytest \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 <code>pytest.raises(ExceptionType)<\/code> \u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u4f86\u6e2c\u8a66\u9810\u671f\u6703\u62cb\u51fa\u4f8b\u5916\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002\u642d\u914d <code>with<\/code> \u8a9e\u53e5\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u82e5\u6c92\u6709\u62cb\u51fa\u4f8b\u5916\u6216\u62cb\u51fa\u5176\u4ed6\u985e\u578b\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u6e2c\u8a66\u5c31\u6703\u5931\u6557\u3002\",\n        4: \"<code>FAILED<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u65b7\u8a00\u5931\u6557\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u7d50\u679c\u8207\u9810\u671f\u4e0d\u7b26\u3002\u800c <code>ERROR<\/code> \u624d\u662f\u8868\u793a\u6e2c\u8a66\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u672c\u8eab\u6709\u932f\u8aa4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 import \u5931\u6557\uff09\uff0c<code>SKIPPED<\/code> \u5247\u8868\u793a\u6e2c\u8a66\u88ab\u8df3\u904e\u3002\",\n        5: \"\u8981\u57f7\u884c\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6e2c\u8a66\u51fd\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 <code>pytest \u6a94\u6848\u540d::\u51fd\u5f0f\u540d<\/code> \u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 <code>pytest test_calculator.py::test_add<\/code> \u53ea\u6703\u57f7\u884c <code>test_calculator.py<\/code> \u4e2d\u7684 <code>test_add<\/code> \u51fd\u5f0f\u3002\"\n      };\n\n      function checkAnswer(qNum, selected, correctAns) {\n        const question = document.getElementById(\"q\" + qNum);\n        if (question.classList.contains(\"answered\")) return;\n\n        question.classList.add(\"answered\");\n        answered++;\n\n        const options = question.querySelectorAll(\".options li\");\n        options.forEach((opt) => {\n          opt.classList.add(\"disabled\");\n          if (opt.textContent.startsWith(correctAns + \".\")) {\n            opt.classList.add(\"show-answer\");\n          }\n        });\n\n        const feedback = document.getElementById(\"fb\" + qNum);\n        if (selected === correctAns) {\n          correct++;\n          feedback.className = \"feedback correct\";\n          feedback.innerHTML = \"\u2713 \u6b63\u78ba\uff01\" + explanations[qNum];\n        } else {\n          feedback.className = \"feedback wrong\";\n          feedback.innerHTML =\n            \"\u2717 \u932f\u8aa4\u3002\u6b63\u78ba\u7b54\u6848\u662f \" + correctAns + \"\u3002\" + explanations[qNum];\n          options.forEach((opt) => {\n            if (opt.textContent.startsWith(selected + \".\")) {\n              opt.classList.add(\"wrong\");\n            }\n          });\n        }\n\n        if (answered === total) {\n          const scoreDiv = document.getElementById(\"score\");\n          scoreDiv.style.display = \"block\";\n          scoreDiv.innerHTML =\n            \"\u6e2c\u9a57\u5b8c\u6210\uff01\u5f97\u5206\uff1a\" +\n            correct +\n            \" \/ \" +\n            total +\n            (correct === total\n              ? \" \ud83c\udf89 \u5168\u5c0d\uff01\"\n              : correct >= Math.ceil(total * 0.6)\n                ? \" \ud83d\udc4d \u4e0d\u932f\uff01\"\n                : \" \ud83d\udcda \u518d\u8907\u7fd2\u4e00\u4e0b\u5427\");\n        }\n      }\n    \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u524d\u8a00<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\u6211\u5011\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9700\u8981\u6e2c\u8a66\u3002\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u52d5\u624b\u5beb\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u6e2c\u8a66\u3002\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u6703\u5e36\u4f60\u8a8d\u8b58 pytest \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8a9e\u6cd5\uff0c\u8b93\u4f60\u80fd\u5920\u8b80\u61c2\u4e26\u64b0\u5beb\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u6e2c\u8a66\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">pytest \u5982\u4f55\u627e\u5230\u4f60\u7684\u6e2c\u8a66\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7576\u4f60\u57f7\u884c <code>pytest<\/code> \u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u6703\u81ea\u52d5\u641c\u5c0b\u4e26\u57f7\u884c\u6e2c\u8a66\u3002\u4f46\u5b83\u600e\u9ebc\u77e5\u9053\u54ea\u4e9b\u662f\u6e2c\u8a66\u6a94\u6848\u3001\u54ea\u4e9b\u662f\u6e2c\u8a66\u51fd\u5f0f\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6e2c\u8a66\u767c\u73fe\u898f\u5247<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">pytest \u9075\u5faa\u4e00\u5957\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u547d\u540d\u898f\u5247\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u6a94\u6848\u5c64\u7d1a\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6a94\u540d\u4ee5 <code>test<em><\/code> \u958b\u982d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 <code>test<\/em>calculator.py<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u6216\u8005\u6a94\u540d\u4ee5 <code><em>test.py<\/code> \u7d50\u5c3e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 <code>calculator<\/em>test.py<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u51fd\u5f0f\u5c64\u7d1a\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u51fd\u5f0f\u540d\u7a31\u5fc5\u9808\u4ee5 <code>test<em><\/code> \u958b\u982d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 <code>test<\/em>add()<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u770b\u4e00\u500b\u6700\u5c0f\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># test_hello.py<\/span>\n\ndef test_greeting():\n    assert <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"hello\"<\/span> == <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"hello\"<\/span>\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6e2c\u8a66\u4e86\u3002\u6a94\u540d\u662f <code>test_hello.py<\/code>\uff0c\u51fd\u5f0f\u540d\u662f <code>test_greeting()<\/code>\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u90fd\u7b26\u5408\u547d\u540d\u898f\u5247\uff0cpytest \u5c31\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u4e26\u57f7\u884c\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9019\u6a23\u8a2d\u8a08\uff1f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u7a2e\u547d\u540d\u6163\u4f8b\u8b93\u4f60\u4e00\u773c\u5c31\u80fd\u5340\u5206\u300c\u6b63\u5f0f\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u300d\u548c\u300c\u6e2c\u8a66\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u300d\u3002\u7576\u4f60\u5728\u5c08\u6848\u4e2d\u770b\u5230 <code>test_<\/code> \u958b\u982d\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u6216\u51fd\u5f0f\uff0c\u7acb\u523b\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u9019\u662f\u6e2c\u8a66\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5be6\u969b\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">assert\uff1a\u6e2c\u8a66\u7684\u6838\u5fc3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">pytest \u4f7f\u7528 Python \u5167\u5efa\u7684 <code>assert<\/code> \u8a9e\u53e5\u9032\u884c\u65b7\u8a00\u3002\u65b7\u8a00\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u6211\u5ba3\u7a31\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u662f\u771f\u7684\u300d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u6e2c\u8a66\u5c31\u6703\u5931\u6557\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u57fa\u672c\u76f8\u7b49\u65b7\u8a00<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\">def test_basic_equality():\n    result = 1 + 1\n    assert result == 2\n<\/code><\/span><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u6bb5\u6e2c\u8a66\u5f88\u76f4\u767d\uff1a\u8a08\u7b97 <code>1 + 1<\/code>\uff0c\u65b7\u8a00\u7d50\u679c\u7b49\u65bc <code>2<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u65b7\u8a00\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\">def test_various_assertions():\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u76f8\u7b49<\/span>\n    assert <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span> + <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span> == <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u4e0d\u76f8\u7b49<\/span>\n    assert <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span> + <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span> != <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u5927\u65bc\u3001\u5c0f\u65bc<\/span>\n    assert <span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span> &gt; <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>\n    assert <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span> &lt; <span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u771f\u5047\u503c<\/span>\n    assert <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">True<\/span>\n    assert not <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">False<\/span>\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u5305\u542b\u95dc\u4fc2<\/span>\n    assert <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"hello\"<\/span> in <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"hello world\"<\/span>\n    assert <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span> in &#91;<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>]\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># None \u6aa2\u67e5<\/span>\n    assert None is None\n    result = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"something\"<\/span>\n    assert result is not None\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8b80\u61c2\u5931\u6557\u8a0a\u606f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7576\u65b7\u8a00\u5931\u6557\u6642\uff0cpytest \u6703\u986f\u793a\u8a73\u7d30\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u8a0a\u606f\u3002\u9019\u662f pytest \u6700\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\">def test_will_fail():\n    expected = &#91;1, 2, 3]\n    actual = &#91;1, 2, 4]\n    assert expected == actual\n<\/code><\/span><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u57f7\u884c\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u770b\u5230\u985e\u4f3c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8f38\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\">FAILED test_example.py::test_will_fail - AssertionError: assert &#91;<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>] == &#91;<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>]\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">pytest \u6703\u6e05\u695a\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u54ea\u500b\u6a94\u6848\u7684\u54ea\u500b\u6e2c\u8a66\u5931\u6557\u4e86<\/li>\n<li>\u9810\u671f\u503c\u548c\u5be6\u969b\u503c\u5206\u5225\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc<\/li>\n<li>\u5169\u8005\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u5728\u54ea\u88e1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6e2c\u8a66\u51fd\u5f0f\u7684\u56de\u50b3\u503c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5be6\u969b\u5c08\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u6e2c\u8a66\u81ea\u5df1\u5beb\u7684\u51fd\u5f0f\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u7684\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-4\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># calculator.py<\/span>\ndef add(a, b):\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> a + b\n\ndef divide(a, b):\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> b == <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>:\n        raise ValueError(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Cannot divide by zero\"<\/span>)\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> a \/ b\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-4\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u6e2c\u8a66\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-5\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># test_calculator.py<\/span>\nfrom calculator import add, divide\n\ndef test_add_positive_numbers():\n    result = add(<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>)\n    assert result == <span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>\n\ndef test_add_negative_numbers():\n    result = add(<span class=\"hljs-number\">-1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">-2<\/span>)\n    assert result == <span class=\"hljs-number\">-3<\/span>\n\ndef test_divide():\n    result = divide(<span class=\"hljs-number\">10<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>)\n    assert result == <span class=\"hljs-number\">5.0<\/span>\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-5\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6e2c\u8a66\u547d\u540d\u6280\u5de7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6ce8\u610f\u6e2c\u8a66\u51fd\u5f0f\u7684\u547d\u540d\uff1a<code>test_add_positive_numbers<\/code>\u3001<code>test_add_negative_numbers<\/code>\u3002\u597d\u7684\u6e2c\u8a66\u540d\u7a31\u6703\u63cf\u8ff0\u300c\u6e2c\u8a66\u4ec0\u9ebc\u60c5\u5883\u300d\uff0c\u8b93\u4f60\u4e00\u770b\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u500b\u6e2c\u8a66\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6e2c\u8a66\u4f8b\u5916\uff1apytest.raises<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6709\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9810\u671f\u51fd\u5f0f\u6703\u62cb\u51fa\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9664\u4ee5\u96f6\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u5831\u932f\u3002pytest \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 <code>pytest.raises<\/code> \u4f86\u6e2c\u8a66\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-6\" data-shcb-language-name=\"JavaScript\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"javascript\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-javascript\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> pytest\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">from<\/span> calculator <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> divide\n\ndef test_divide_by_zero():\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">with<\/span> pytest.raises(ValueError):\n        divide(<span class=\"hljs-number\">10<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-6\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">JavaScript<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">javascript<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u6bb5\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u9810\u671f <code>divide(10, 0)<\/code> \u6703\u62cb\u51fa <code>ValueError<\/code>\u3002\u300d\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u62cb\u51fa\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u6216\u62cb\u51fa\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u985e\u578b\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u6e2c\u8a66\u5c31\u6703\u5931\u6557\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6aa2\u67e5\u4f8b\u5916\u8a0a\u606f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f60\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u6aa2\u67e5\u4f8b\u5916\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u5167\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-7\" data-shcb-language-name=\"JavaScript\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"javascript\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-javascript\">def test_divide_by_zero_message():\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">with<\/span> pytest.raises(ValueError) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">as<\/span> exc_info:\n        divide(<span class=\"hljs-number\">10<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>)\n\n    assert <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Cannot divide by zero\"<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">in<\/span> str(exc_info.value)\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-7\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">JavaScript<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">javascript<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>exc_info.value<\/code> \u5305\u542b\u4e86\u88ab\u6355\u6349\u5230\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\u7269\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6aa2\u67e5\u5b83\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u9810\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u57f7\u884c\u6e2c\u8a66<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u57fa\u672c\u57f7\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-8\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u57f7\u884c\u7576\u524d\u76ee\u9304\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u6e2c\u8a66<\/span>\npytest\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u57f7\u884c\u7279\u5b9a\u6a94\u6848<\/span>\npytest test_calculator.py\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u57f7\u884c\u7279\u5b9a\u6e2c\u8a66\u51fd\u5f0f<\/span>\npytest test_calculator.py::test_add_positive_numbers\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-8\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5e38\u7528\u9078\u9805<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-9\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># -v\uff1a\u986f\u793a\u8a73\u7d30\u8f38\u51fa\uff0c\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u500b\u6e2c\u8a66\u7684\u540d\u7a31\u548c\u7d50\u679c<\/span>\npytest -v\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># -q\uff1a\u5b89\u975c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ea\u986f\u793a\u6458\u8981<\/span>\npytest -q\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># --tb=short\uff1a\u7c21\u5316\u932f\u8aa4\u8a0a\u606f<\/span>\npytest --tb=short\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-9\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u89e3\u8b80\u6e2c\u8a66\u8f38\u51fa<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u57f7\u884c <code>pytest -v<\/code> \u5f8c\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u770b\u5230\u985e\u4f3c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8f38\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-10\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\">==================== test session starts ====================\ncollected <span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span> items\n\ntest_calculator.py::test_add_positive_numbers PASSED\ntest_calculator.py::test_add_negative_numbers PASSED\ntest_calculator.py::test_divide PASSED\ntest_calculator.py::test_divide_by_zero PASSED\n\n==================== <span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span> passed in <span class=\"hljs-number\">0.02<\/span>s ====================\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-10\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u72c0\u614b\u6a19\u8a18\u8aaa\u660e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>PASSED<\/strong>\uff1a\u6e2c\u8a66\u901a\u904e\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u6b63\u5e38<\/li>\n<li><strong>FAILED<\/strong>\uff1a\u65b7\u8a00\u5931\u6557\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u9810\u671f<\/li>\n<li><strong>ERROR<\/strong>\uff1a\u6e2c\u8a66\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u672c\u8eab\u6709\u932f\u8aa4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 import \u5931\u6557\uff09<\/li>\n<li><strong>SKIPPED<\/strong>\uff1a\u6e2c\u8a66\u88ab\u8df3\u904e\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6545\u610f\u7684\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5931\u6557\u6642\u7684\u8f38\u51fa<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7576\u6e2c\u8a66\u5931\u6557\u6642\uff0cpytest \u6703\u986f\u793a\u8a73\u7d30\u7684\u9664\u932f\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\">==================== FAILURES ====================\n__________________ test_will_fail __________________\n\n    def test_will_fail():\n        expected = &#91;1, 2, 3]\n        actual = &#91;1, 2, 4]\n&gt;       assert expected == actual\nE       AssertionError: assert &#91;1, 2, 3] == &#91;1, 2, 4]\nE         At index 2 diff: 3 != 4\n\ntest_example.py:4: AssertionError\n<\/code><\/span><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u500b\u8f38\u51fa\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u54ea\u500b\u6e2c\u8a66\u5931\u6557\u4e86\uff08<code>test<em>will<\/em>fail<\/code>\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u5931\u6557\u7684\u90a3\u884c\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\uff08<code>&gt;<\/code> \u6a19\u8a18\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u932f\u8aa4\u985e\u578b\u548c\u8a73\u7d30\u6bd4\u8f03\uff08<code>E<\/code> \u958b\u982d\u7684\u884c\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u5931\u6557\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08<code>test_example.py:4<\/code>\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7d44\u7e54\u6e2c\u8a66\u6a94\u6848<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96a8\u8457\u5c08\u6848\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u59a5\u5584\u7d44\u7e54\u6e2c\u8a66\u6a94\u6848\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\">my_project\/\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 src\/\n\u2502   \u251c\u2500\u2500 calculator.py\n\u2502   \u2514\u2500\u2500 utils.py\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 tests\/\n\u2502   \u251c\u2500\u2500 test_calculator.py\n\u2502   \u2514\u2500\u2500 test_utils.py\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 pytest.ini\n<\/code><\/span><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u547d\u540d\u5c0d\u61c9\u539f\u5247<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u500b\u597d\u7fd2\u6163\u662f\u8b93\u6e2c\u8a66\u6a94\u6848\u8207\u88ab\u6e2c\u8a66\u7684\u6a21\u7d44\u4e00\u4e00\u5c0d\u61c9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>calculator.py<\/code> \u5c0d\u61c9 <code>test_calculator.py<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>utils.py<\/code> \u5c0d\u61c9 <code>test_utils.py<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u6a23\u7576\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u627e\u67d0\u500b\u6a21\u7d44\u7684\u6e2c\u8a66\u6642\uff0c\u99ac\u4e0a\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u8a72\u770b\u54ea\u500b\u6a94\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u91cd\u9ede\u56de\u9867<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u547d\u540d\u898f\u5247<\/strong>\uff1a\u6a94\u6848\u7528 <code>test<em><em>.py<\/code> \u6216 <code><\/em><\/em>test.py<\/code>\uff0c\u51fd\u5f0f\u7528 <code>test_*<\/code><\/li>\n<li><strong>assert \u65b7\u8a00<\/strong>\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528 Python \u7684 <code>assert<\/code> \u8a9e\u53e5<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6e2c\u8a66\u4f8b\u5916<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 <code>pytest.raises(ExceptionType)<\/code> \u5305\u88dd<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u57f7\u884c\u6e2c\u8a66<\/strong>\uff1a<code>pytest<\/code> \u6216 <code>pytest -v<\/code> \u770b\u8a73\u7d30\u7d50\u679c<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u89e3\u8b80\u8f38\u51fa<\/strong>\uff1aPASSED \u8868\u793a\u901a\u904e\uff0cFAILED \u8868\u793a\u5931\u6557<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u73fe\u5728\u4f60\u5df2\u7d93\u80fd\u5beb\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6e2c\u8a66\u4e86\u3002\u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6703\u4ecb\u7d39 fixture\uff0c\u9019\u662f pytest \u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u8b93\u4f60\u80fd\u5920\u91cd\u8907\u4f7f\u7528\u6e2c\u8a66\u7684\u6e96\u5099\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5927\u5e45\u6e1b\u5c11\u91cd\u8907\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"quiz-advanced\">\n<style>\n#quiz-advanced .badge {\n        display: inline-block;\n        padding: 4px 10px;\n        border-radius: 12px;\n        font-size: 0.75em;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        margin-left: 8px;\n      }#quiz-advanced .badge.scenario {\n        background: #ebf8ff;\n        color: #2b6cb0;\n      }#quiz-advanced .badge.debug {\n        background: #fef3c7;\n        color: #92400e;\n      }#quiz-advanced .question-adv {\n        background: white;\n        border-radius: 10px;\n        padding: 24px;\n        margin: 20px 0;\n        box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);\n        border-left: 4px solid #ed8936;\n      }#quiz-advanced .question-adv h3 {\n        margin-top: 0;\n        color: #2d3748;\n      }#quiz-advanced .code-block {\n        background: #1e1e1e;\n        color: #d4d4d4;\n        padding: 14px;\n        border-radius: 6px;\n        font-family: \"Menlo\", \"Monaco\", \"Courier New\", monospace;\n        font-size: 0.9em;\n        overflow-x: auto;\n        margin: 12px 0;\n        white-space: pre-wrap;\n      }#quiz-advanced .options-adv {\n        list-style: none;\n        padding: 0;\n      }#quiz-advanced .options-adv li {\n        padding: 14px 16px;\n        margin: 10px 0;\n        border: 2px solid #e2e8f0;\n        border-radius: 8px;\n        cursor: pointer;\n        transition: all 0.2s;\n      }#quiz-advanced .options-adv li:hover:not(.disabled) {\n        border-color: #ed8936;\n        background: #fffaf0;\n      }#quiz-advanced .options-adv li.disabled {\n        cursor: default;\n        opacity: 0.7;\n      }#quiz-advanced .options-adv li.show-answer {\n        border-color: #48bb78;\n        background: #f0fff4;\n      }#quiz-advanced .options-adv li.wrong {\n        border-color: #fc8181;\n        background: #fff5f5;\n      }#quiz-advanced .feedback-adv {\n        margin-top: 16px;\n        padding: 14px;\n        border-radius: 8px;\n        display: none;\n        line-height: 1.6;\n      }#quiz-advanced .feedback-adv.correct {\n        background: #f0fff4;\n        color: #276749;\n        display: block;\n      }#quiz-advanced .feedback-adv.wrong {\n        background: #fff5f5;\n        color: #c53030;\n        display: block;\n      }#quiz-advanced .feedback-adv \n      .score-adv {\n        text-align: center;\n        font-size: 1.4em;\n        padding: 24px;\n        background: white;\n        border-radius: 10px;\n        margin-top: 24px;\n        box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);\n      }#quiz-advanced .intro {\n        background: #ebf8ff;\n        padding: 16px;\n        border-radius: 8px;\n        margin-bottom: 20px;\n        color: #2c5282;\n      }\n<\/style>\n<h1>\u9032\u968e\u6e2c\u9a57\uff1a\u64b0\u5beb\u4f60\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u6e2c\u8a66\uff1a\u57fa\u672c\u8a9e\u6cd5\u8207\u65b7\u8a00<\/h1>\n    <div class=\"intro\">\n      <strong>\u6e2c\u9a57\u76ee\u6a19\uff1a<\/strong>\u9a57\u8b49\u4f60\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5728\u5be6\u969b\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u61c9\u7528\u6240\u5b78\u3002<br \/>\n      \u5171 5 \u984c\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u60c5\u5883\u984c\u8207\u932f\u8aa4\u8a3a\u65b7\u984c\u3002\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"question-adv\" id=\"qAdv1\">\n      <h3>1. \u4f60\u6b63\u5728\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5b57\u4e32\u8655\u7406\u51fd\u5f0f\u64b0\u5beb\u6e2c\u8a66\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u9a57\u8b49\u7576\u50b3\u5165\u7a7a\u5b57\u4e32\u6642\u6703\u62cb\u51fa <code>ValueError<\/code>\uff0c\u4e14\u932f\u8aa4\u8a0a\u606f\u5305\u542b\u300cempty string\u300d\u3002\u61c9\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u5beb\uff1f <span class=\"badge scenario\">\u60c5\u5883\u984c<\/span><\/h3>\n      <ul class=\"options-adv\">\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(1, 'A', 'C')\">A. <code>assert process(\"\") raises ValueError<\/code><\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(1, 'B', 'C')\">B. <code>with pytest.raises(ValueError): process(\"\")<\/code><\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(1, 'C', 'C')\">C. <code>with pytest.raises(ValueError) as exc_info: process(\"\")<\/code> \u7136\u5f8c <code>assert \"empty string\" in str(exc_info.value)<\/code><\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(1, 'D', 'C')\">D. <code>try: process(\"\") except ValueError as e: assert \"empty string\" in e<\/code><\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n      <div class=\"feedback-adv\" id=\"fbAdv1\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"question-adv\" id=\"qAdv2\">\n      <h3>2. \u5c0f\u7f8e\u57f7\u884c\u6e2c\u8a66\u5f8c\u770b\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8f38\u51fa\uff0c\u554f\u984c\u6700\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u5728\u54ea\u88e1\uff1f <span class=\"badge debug\">\u932f\u8aa4\u8a3a\u65b7<\/span><\/h3>\n      <div class=\"code-block\">test_utils.py::test_format_date ERROR\nE   ModuleNotFoundError: No module named &#8216;dateutil&#8217;<\/div>\n      <ul class=\"options-adv\">\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(2, 'A', 'B')\">A. \u65b7\u8a00\u5931\u6557\uff0c<code>format_date<\/code> \u51fd\u5f0f\u56de\u50b3\u503c\u4e0d\u6b63\u78ba<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(2, 'B', 'B')\">B. \u6e2c\u8a66\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u672c\u8eab\u6709\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u7f3a\u5c11\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5957\u4ef6<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(2, 'C', 'B')\">C. \u6e2c\u8a66\u51fd\u5f0f\u547d\u540d\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408 pytest \u898f\u5247<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(2, 'D', 'B')\">D. \u6e2c\u8a66\u6a94\u6848\u653e\u5728\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u76ee\u9304\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n      <div class=\"feedback-adv\" id=\"fbAdv2\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"question-adv\" id=\"qAdv3\">\n      <h3>3. \u4f60\u7684\u5c08\u6848\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u57f7\u884c <code>test_api.py<\/code> \u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6e2c\u8a66\u3002\u61c9\u8a72\u7528\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6307\u4ee4\uff1f <span class=\"badge scenario\">\u60c5\u5883\u984c<\/span><\/h3>\n      <div class=\"code-block\">my_project\/\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 src\/\n\u2502   \u2514\u2500\u2500 api.py\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 tests\/\n    \u251c\u2500\u2500 test_api.py\n    \u2514\u2500\u2500 test_utils.py<\/div>\n      <ul class=\"options-adv\">\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(3, 'A', 'D')\">A. <code>pytest test_api<\/code><\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(3, 'B', 'D')\">B. <code>pytest --file test_api.py<\/code><\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(3, 'C', 'D')\">C. <code>pytest src\/test_api.py<\/code><\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(3, 'D', 'D')\">D. <code>pytest tests\/test_api.py<\/code><\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n      <div class=\"feedback-adv\" id=\"fbAdv3\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"question-adv\" id=\"qAdv4\">\n      <h3>4. \u5c0f\u660e\u5beb\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u6e2c\u8a66\uff0c\u4f46\u57f7\u884c\u6642 pytest \u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u9019\u500b\u6e2c\u8a66\u3002\u554f\u984c\u5728\u54ea\u88e1\uff1f <span class=\"badge debug\">\u932f\u8aa4\u8a3a\u65b7<\/span><\/h3>\n      <div class=\"code-block\"># check_calculator.py\n\ndef verify_addition():\n    result = add(2, 3)\n    assert result == 5<\/div>\n      <ul class=\"options-adv\">\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(4, 'A', 'A')\">A. \u6a94\u540d\u548c\u51fd\u5f0f\u540d\u90fd\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408 pytest \u547d\u540d\u898f\u5247<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(4, 'B', 'A')\">B. \u53ea\u6709\u51fd\u5f0f\u540d\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\uff0c\u6a94\u540d\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(4, 'C', 'A')\">C. \u53ea\u6709\u6a94\u540d\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\uff0c\u51fd\u5f0f\u540d\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(4, 'D', 'A')\">D. \u9700\u8981\u52a0\u4e0a <code>import pytest<\/code><\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n      <div class=\"feedback-adv\" id=\"fbAdv4\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"question-adv\" id=\"qAdv5\">\n      <h3>5. \u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u500b <code>divide<\/code> \u51fd\u5f0f\u7684\u6e2c\u8a66\u9700\u8981\u540c\u6642\u6e2c\u8a66\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u6cc1\u548c\u4f8b\u5916\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u54ea\u7a2e\u7d44\u7e54\u65b9\u5f0f\u6700\u7b26\u5408\u6587\u7ae0\u5efa\u8b70\u7684\u547d\u540d\u539f\u5247\uff1f <span class=\"badge scenario\">\u60c5\u5883\u984c<\/span><\/h3>\n      <ul class=\"options-adv\">\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(5, 'A', 'B')\">A. \u5168\u90e8\u5beb\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u500b <code>test_divide()<\/code> \u51fd\u5f0f\u4e2d<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(5, 'B', 'B')\">B. \u5206\u6210 <code>test_divide()<\/code> \u548c <code>test_divide_by_zero()<\/code> \u5169\u500b\u51fd\u5f0f<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(5, 'C', 'B')\">C. \u5206\u6210 <code>divide_test()<\/code> \u548c <code>divide_error_test()<\/code> \u5169\u500b\u51fd\u5f0f<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(5, 'D', 'B')\">D. \u5206\u6210 <code>check_divide()<\/code> \u548c <code>check_divide_error()<\/code> \u5169\u500b\u51fd\u5f0f<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n      <div class=\"feedback-adv\" id=\"fbAdv5\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"score-adv\" id=\"scoreAdv\" style=\"display:none;\"><\/div>\n<script>\n\n      let answeredAdv = 0;\n      let correctAdv = 0;\n      const totalAdv = 5;\n      const explanationsAdv = {\n        1: \"\u8981\u540c\u6642\u6e2c\u8a66\u4f8b\u5916\u985e\u578b\u548c\u8a0a\u606f\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 <code>with pytest.raises(ValueError) as exc_info:<\/code> \u4f86\u6355\u6349\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u900f\u904e <code>exc_info.value<\/code> \u53d6\u5f97\u4f8b\u5916\u7269\u4ef6\u4e26\u6aa2\u67e5\u5176\u8a0a\u606f\u3002\u9078\u9805 B \u53ea\u80fd\u6aa2\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u62cb\u51fa\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u9a57\u8b49\u8a0a\u606f\u5167\u5bb9\u3002\",\n        2: \"\u8f38\u51fa\u986f\u793a <code>ERROR<\/code> \u800c\u975e <code>FAILED<\/code>\u3002\u6839\u64da\u6587\u7ae0\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c<code>ERROR<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u6e2c\u8a66\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u672c\u8eab\u6709\u932f\u8aa4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 import \u5931\u6557\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u7f3a\u5c11 <code>dateutil<\/code> \u5957\u4ef6\u3002<code>FAILED<\/code> \u624d\u662f\u65b7\u8a00\u5931\u6557\u3002\",\n        3: \"\u8981\u57f7\u884c\u7279\u5b9a\u6a94\u6848\u7684\u6e2c\u8a66\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u5b9a\u6a94\u6848\u8def\u5f91\u5373\u53ef\uff1a<code>pytest tests\/test_api.py<\/code>\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u6e2c\u8a66\u6a94\u6848\u5728 <code>tests\/<\/code> \u76ee\u9304\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f <code>src\/<\/code> \u76ee\u9304\u3002\",\n        4: \"pytest \u7684\u6e2c\u8a66\u767c\u73fe\u898f\u5247\u8981\u6c42\uff1a\u6a94\u540d\u5fc5\u9808\u4ee5 <code>test_<\/code> \u958b\u982d\u6216\u4ee5 <code>_test.py<\/code> \u7d50\u5c3e\uff0c\u51fd\u5f0f\u540d\u5fc5\u9808\u4ee5 <code>test_<\/code> \u958b\u982d\u3002\u9019\u88e1\u7684 <code>check_calculator.py<\/code> \u548c <code>verify_addition<\/code> \u90fd\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 pytest \u5b8c\u5168\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u9019\u500b\u6e2c\u8a66\u3002\",\n        5: \"\u6587\u7ae0\u5efa\u8b70\u6e2c\u8a66\u51fd\u5f0f\u547d\u540d\u8981\u63cf\u8ff0\u300c\u6e2c\u8a66\u4ec0\u9ebc\u60c5\u5883\u300d\uff0c\u7bc4\u4f8b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 <code>test_add_positive_numbers<\/code>\u3001<code>test_divide_by_zero<\/code> \u7b49\u547d\u540d\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u547d\u540d\u8b93\u4f60\u4e00\u770b\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u6e2c\u8a66\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u9078\u9805 C \u548c D \u7684\u51fd\u5f0f\u540d\u6c92\u6709\u4ee5 <code>test_<\/code> \u958b\u982d\uff0c\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408 pytest \u547d\u540d\u898f\u5247\u3002\"\n      };\n\n      function checkAnswerAdv(qNum, selected, correctAns) {\n        const question = document.getElementById(\"qAdv\" + qNum);\n        if (question.classList.contains(\"answered\")) return;\n\n        question.classList.add(\"answered\");\n        answeredAdv++;\n\n        const options = question.querySelectorAll(\".options-adv li\");\n        options.forEach((opt) => {\n          opt.classList.add(\"disabled\");\n          if (opt.textContent.startsWith(correctAns + \".\")) {\n            opt.classList.add(\"show-answer\");\n          }\n        });\n\n        const feedback = document.getElementById(\"fbAdv\" + qNum);\n        if (selected === correctAns) {\n          correctAdv++;\n          feedback.className = \"feedback-adv correct\";\n          feedback.innerHTML = \"\u2713 \u6b63\u78ba\uff01\" + explanationsAdv[qNum];\n        } else {\n          feedback.className = \"feedback-adv wrong\";\n          feedback.innerHTML =\n            \"\u2717 \u932f\u8aa4\u3002\u6b63\u78ba\u7b54\u6848\u662f \" + correctAns + \"\u3002\" + explanationsAdv[qNum];\n          options.forEach((opt) => {\n            if (opt.textContent.startsWith(selected + \".\")) {\n              opt.classList.add(\"wrong\");\n            }\n          });\n        }\n\n        if (answeredAdv === totalAdv) {\n          const scoreDiv = document.getElementById(\"scoreAdv\");\n          scoreDiv.style.display = \"block\";\n          let msg = \"\";\n          if (correctAdv === totalAdv) msg = \"\ud83c\udfaf \u5b8c\u7f8e\uff01\u4f60\u5df2\u7d93\u6e96\u5099\u597d\u5be6\u6230\u4e86\uff01\";\n          else if (correctAdv >= Math.ceil(totalAdv * 0.8))\n            msg = \"\ud83d\udcaa \u5f88\u68d2\uff01\u518d\u8907\u7fd2\u4e00\u4e0b\u932f\u7684\u984c\u76ee\";\n          else if (correctAdv >= Math.ceil(totalAdv * 0.6))\n            msg = \"\ud83d\udcd6 \u5efa\u8b70\u91cd\u8b80\u76f8\u95dc\u6bb5\u843d\u5f8c\u518d\u8a66\u4e00\u6b21\";\n          else msg = \"\ud83d\udd04 \u5efa\u8b70\u91cd\u65b0\u95b1\u8b80\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u6ce8\u610f\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\";\n          scoreDiv.innerHTML =\n            \"\u6e2c\u9a57\u5b8c\u6210\uff01\u5f97\u5206\uff1a\" + correctAdv + \" \/ \" + totalAdv + \"<br>\" + msg;\n        }\n      }\n    \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6e2c\u9a57\uff1a\u64b0\u5beb\u4f60\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u6e2c\u8a66\uff1a\u57fa\u672c\u8a9e\u6cd5\u8207\u65b7\u8a00 \u5171 5 \u984c\uff0c\u9ede\u9078\u7b54\u6848\u5f8c\u6703\u7acb\u5373\u986f\u793a\u7d50\u679c 1. pytest \u5982\u4f55\u81ea\u52d5\u627e 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