{"id":366,"date":"2026-01-26T01:31:36","date_gmt":"2026-01-25T17:31:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/skwp.zeabur.app\/2026\/01\/26\/%e3%80%90pytest-%e6%95%99%e5%ad%b8%e3%80%9105-%e5%af%a6%e6%88%b0%e6%95%b4%e5%90%88%ef%bc%9amock%e3%80%81%e6%b8%ac%e8%a9%a6%e7%b5%84%e7%b9%94%e8%88%87-ci-%e6%95%b4%e5%90%88\/"},"modified":"2026-01-26T01:31:36","modified_gmt":"2026-01-25T17:31:36","slug":"%e3%80%90pytest-%e6%95%99%e5%ad%b8%e3%80%9105-%e5%af%a6%e6%88%b0%e6%95%b4%e5%90%88%ef%bc%9amock%e3%80%81%e6%b8%ac%e8%a9%a6%e7%b5%84%e7%b9%94%e8%88%87-ci-%e6%95%b4%e5%90%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.itsmygo.uk\/wordpress\/2026\/01\/26\/%e3%80%90pytest-%e6%95%99%e5%ad%b8%e3%80%9105-%e5%af%a6%e6%88%b0%e6%95%b4%e5%90%88%ef%bc%9amock%e3%80%81%e6%b8%ac%e8%a9%a6%e7%b5%84%e7%b9%94%e8%88%87-ci-%e6%95%b4%e5%90%88\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010pytest \u6559\u5b78\u3011#05 \u5be6\u6230\u6574\u5408\uff1amock\u3001\u6e2c\u8a66\u7d44\u7e54\u8207 CI \u6574\u5408"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"quiz-basic\">\n<style>\n#quiz-basic .question {\n        background: white;\n        border-radius: 8px;\n        padding: 20px;\n        margin: 20px 0;\n        box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n      }#quiz-basic .question h3 {\n        margin-top: 0;\n        color: #333;\n      }#quiz-basic .options {\n        list-style: none;\n        padding: 0;\n      }#quiz-basic .options li {\n        padding: 12px 15px;\n        margin: 8px 0;\n        border: 2px solid #ddd;\n        border-radius: 6px;\n        cursor: pointer;\n        transition: all 0.2s;\n      }#quiz-basic .options li:hover:not(.disabled) {\n        border-color: #4caf50;\n        background: #f0fff0;\n      }#quiz-basic .options li.correct {\n        border-color: #4caf50;\n        background: #e8f5e9;\n      }#quiz-basic .options li.wrong {\n        border-color: #f44336;\n        background: #ffebee;\n      }#quiz-basic .options li.disabled {\n        cursor: default;\n        opacity: 0.7;\n      }#quiz-basic .options li.show-answer {\n        border-color: #4caf50;\n        background: #e8f5e9;\n      }#quiz-basic .feedback {\n        margin-top: 15px;\n        padding: 12px;\n        border-radius: 6px;\n        display: none;\n      }#quiz-basic .feedback.correct {\n        background: #e8f5e9;\n        color: #2e7d32;\n        display: block;\n      }#quiz-basic .feedback.wrong {\n        background: #ffebee;\n        color: #c62828;\n        display: block;\n      }#quiz-basic .score {\n        text-align: center;\n        font-size: 1.5em;\n        padding: 20px;\n        background: white;\n        border-radius: 8px;\n        margin-top: 20px;\n      }#quiz-basic .code-block {\n        background: #1e1e1e;\n        color: #d4d4d4;\n        padding: 14px;\n        border-radius: 6px;\n        font-family: \"Monaco\", \"Consolas\", \"Courier New\", monospace;\n        font-size: 0.9em;\n        overflow-x: auto;\n        margin: 12px 0;\n        white-space: pre-wrap;\n      }\n<\/style>\n<h1>\u6e2c\u9a57\uff1apytest \u5be6\u6230\u6574\u5408 &#8211; mock\u3001\u6e2c\u8a66\u7d44\u7e54\u8207 CI \u6574\u5408<\/h1>\n    <p>\u5171 5 \u984c\uff0c\u9ede\u9078\u7b54\u6848\u5f8c\u6703\u7acb\u5373\u986f\u793a\u7d50\u679c<\/p>\n\n    <div class=\"question\" id=\"q1\">\n      <h3>1. \u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5728\u6e2c\u8a66\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 mock\uff1f<\/h3>\n      <ul class=\"options\">\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(1, 'A', 'B')\">A. \u8b93\u6e2c\u8a66\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u77ed\u66f4\u7c21\u6f54<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(1, 'B', 'B')\">B. \u9694\u96e2\u5916\u90e8\u4f9d\u8cf4\uff0c\u8b93\u6e2c\u8a66\u66f4\u7a69\u5b9a\u3001\u66f4\u5feb\u901f<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(1, 'C', 'B')\">C. \u8b93\u6e2c\u8a66\u53ef\u4ee5\u8df3\u904e\u4e0d\u60f3\u6e2c\u7684\u529f\u80fd<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(1, 'D', 'B')\">D. \u81ea\u52d5\u7522\u751f\u6e2c\u8a66\u8cc7\u6599<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n      <div class=\"feedback\" id=\"fb1\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"question\" id=\"q2\">\n      <h3>2. \u4f7f\u7528 <code>monkeypatch.setattr<\/code> \u6642\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72 mock \u54ea\u88e1\u7684\u53c3\u7167\uff1f<\/h3>\n      <div class=\"code-block\"># api_client.py\nimport requests\n\ndef get_user_data(user_id):\n    response = requests.get(f&#8221;https:\/\/api.example.com\/users\/{user_id}&#8221;)\n    return response.json()<\/div>\n      <ul class=\"options\">\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(2, 'A', 'C')\">A. <code>monkeypatch.setattr(\"requests.get\", fake_get)<\/code><\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(2, 'B', 'C')\">B. <code>monkeypatch.setattr(\"urllib.request.get\", fake_get)<\/code><\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(2, 'C', 'C')\">C. <code>monkeypatch.setattr(\"api_client.requests.get\", fake_get)<\/code><\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(2, 'D', 'C')\">D. <code>monkeypatch.setattr(\"get_user_data.requests\", fake_get)<\/code><\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n      <div class=\"feedback\" id=\"fb2\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"question\" id=\"q3\">\n      <h3>3. <code>conftest.py<\/code> \u6a94\u6848\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u9014\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f<\/h3>\n      <ul class=\"options\">\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(3, 'A', 'B')\">A. \u8a2d\u5b9a pytest \u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5217\u53c3\u6578<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(3, 'B', 'B')\">B. \u5b9a\u7fa9\u53ef\u88ab\u540c\u76ee\u9304\u53ca\u5b50\u76ee\u9304\u6e2c\u8a66\u5171\u7528\u7684 fixtures<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(3, 'C', 'B')\">C. \u5132\u5b58\u6e2c\u8a66\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u7d50\u679c\u5831\u544a<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(3, 'D', 'B')\">D. \u8a18\u9304\u6e2c\u8a66\u5931\u6557\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u8a0a\u606f<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n      <div class=\"feedback\" id=\"fb3\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"question\" id=\"q4\">\n      <h3>4. \u57f7\u884c <code>pytest --cov=myproject --cov-fail-under=80<\/code> \u6642\uff0c\u4ec0\u9ebc\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u6e2c\u8a66\u6703\u5931\u6557\uff1f<\/h3>\n      <ul class=\"options\">\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(4, 'A', 'D')\">A. \u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\u6e2c\u8a66\u6848\u4f8b\u5931\u6557\u6642<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(4, 'B', 'D')\">B. \u6709\u8d85\u904e 80 \u500b\u6e2c\u8a66\u6848\u4f8b\u6642<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(4, 'C', 'D')\">C. \u6e2c\u8a66\u57f7\u884c\u6642\u9593\u8d85\u904e 80 \u79d2\u6642<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(4, 'D', 'D')\">D. \u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u8986\u84cb\u7387\u4f4e\u65bc 80% \u6642<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n      <div class=\"feedback\" id=\"fb4\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"question\" id=\"q5\">\n      <h3>5. \u5728 Mock \u7269\u4ef6\u4e0a\u8a2d\u5b9a <code>side_effect = [1, 2, 3]<\/code> \u6703\u7522\u751f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6548\u679c\uff1f<\/h3>\n      <ul class=\"options\">\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(5, 'A', 'B')\">A. \u6bcf\u6b21\u547c\u53eb\u90fd\u56de\u50b3\u5217\u8868 [1, 2, 3]<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(5, 'B', 'B')\">B. \u4f9d\u5e8f\u56de\u50b3 1\u30012\u30013\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u547c\u53eb\u56de\u50b3\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u503c<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(5, 'C', 'B')\">C. \u96a8\u6a5f\u56de\u50b3 1\u30012 \u6216 3 \u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(5, 'D', 'B')\">D. \u547c\u53eb\u6642\u6703\u62cb\u51fa\u5305\u542b [1, 2, 3] \u7684\u4f8b\u5916<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n      <div class=\"feedback\" id=\"fb5\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"score\" id=\"score\" style=\"display:none;\"><\/div>\n<script>\n\n      let answered = 0;\n      let correct = 0;\n      const total = 5;\n      const explanations = {\n        1: \"Mock \u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u7528\u300c\u5047\u7684\u300d\u7269\u4ef6\u53d6\u4ee3\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u4f9d\u8cf4\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u4f9d\u8cf4\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3001\u907f\u514d\u7db2\u8def\u554f\u984c\u9020\u6210\u6e2c\u8a66\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u3001\u52a0\u901f\u6e2c\u8a66\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u4e26\u907f\u514d\u771f\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u9060\u7aef\u8cc7\u6599\u7b49\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\",\n        2: \"\u91cd\u9ede\u662f\u300cmock \u7684\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u7aef\u7684\u53c3\u7167\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f86\u6e90\u7aef\u300d\u3002\u56e0\u70ba api_client.py \u88e1\u9762 import requests\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8981 mock <code>api_client.requests.get<\/code>\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f mock requests \u6a21\u7d44\u672c\u8eab\u3002\",\n        3: \"<code>conftest.py<\/code> \u662f pytest \u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6a94\u6848\uff0c\u7528\u65bc\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5171\u7528\u7684 fixtures\u3002\u5b83\u6703\u88ab\u81ea\u52d5\u8f09\u5165\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 import\uff0c\u540c\u76ee\u9304\u53ca\u5b50\u76ee\u9304\u7684\u6e2c\u8a66\u90fd\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4e2d\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684 fixtures\u3002\",\n        4: \"<code>--cov-fail-under=80<\/code> \u9078\u9805\u6703\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6700\u4f4e\u8986\u84cb\u7387\u9580\u6abb\uff0c\u7576\u6e2c\u8a66\u8986\u84cb\u7387\u4f4e\u65bc 80% \u6642\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6240\u6709\u6e2c\u8a66\u90fd\u901a\u904e\uff0cpytest \u4e5f\u6703\u56de\u5831\u5931\u6557\u3002\",\n        5: \"\u7576\u8a2d\u5b9a <code>side_effect<\/code> \u70ba\u5217\u8868\u6642\uff0cMock \u7269\u4ef6\u6703\u4f9d\u5e8f\u56de\u50b3\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u547c\u53eb\u56de\u50b3 1\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u56de\u50b3 2\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u56de\u50b3 3\u3002\"\n      };\n\n      function checkAnswer(qNum, selected, correctAns) {\n        const question = document.getElementById(\"q\" + qNum);\n        if (question.classList.contains(\"answered\")) return;\n\n        question.classList.add(\"answered\");\n        answered++;\n\n        const options = question.querySelectorAll(\".options li\");\n        options.forEach((opt) => {\n          opt.classList.add(\"disabled\");\n          if (opt.textContent.startsWith(correctAns + \".\")) {\n            opt.classList.add(\"show-answer\");\n          }\n        });\n\n        const feedback = document.getElementById(\"fb\" + qNum);\n        if (selected === correctAns) {\n          correct++;\n          feedback.className = \"feedback correct\";\n          feedback.innerHTML = \"\u2713 \u6b63\u78ba\uff01\" + explanations[qNum];\n        } else {\n          feedback.className = \"feedback wrong\";\n          feedback.innerHTML =\n            \"\u2717 \u932f\u8aa4\u3002\u6b63\u78ba\u7b54\u6848\u662f \" + correctAns + \"\u3002\" + explanations[qNum];\n          options.forEach((opt) => {\n            if (opt.textContent.startsWith(selected + \".\")) {\n              opt.classList.add(\"wrong\");\n            }\n          });\n        }\n\n        if (answered === total) {\n          const scoreDiv = document.getElementById(\"score\");\n          scoreDiv.style.display = \"block\";\n          scoreDiv.innerHTML =\n            \"\u6e2c\u9a57\u5b8c\u6210\uff01\u5f97\u5206\uff1a\" +\n            correct +\n            \" \/ \" +\n            total +\n            (correct === total\n              ? \" \ud83c\udf89 \u5168\u5c0d\uff01\"\n              : correct >= Math.ceil(total * 0.6)\n                ? \" \ud83d\udc4d \u4e0d\u932f\uff01\"\n                : \" \ud83d\udcda \u518d\u8907\u7fd2\u4e00\u4e0b\u5427\");\n        }\n      }\n    \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u672c\u7bc7\u662f pytest \u6559\u5b78\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u7bc7\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u5b78\u7fd2\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 mock \u9694\u96e2\u5916\u90e8\u4f9d\u8cf4\u3001\u7d44\u7e54\u5927\u578b\u5c08\u6848\u7684\u6e2c\u8a66\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07 pytest \u6574\u5408\u5230 CI \u6d41\u7a0b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9700\u8981 mock<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u771f\u5be6\u5c08\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u5e38\u5e38\u6703\u4f9d\u8cf4\u5916\u90e8\u670d\u52d9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># api_client.py<\/span>\nimport requests\n\ndef get_user_data(user_id):\n    response = requests.get(f<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"https:\/\/api.example.com\/users\/{user_id}\"<\/span>)\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> response.json()\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76f4\u63a5\u6e2c\u8a66\u9019\u6bb5\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u6703\u9047\u5230\u5e7e\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u901f\u5ea6\u6162<\/strong>\uff1a\u6bcf\u6b21\u6e2c\u8a66\u90fd\u8981\u767c\u9001\u7db2\u8def\u8acb\u6c42<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a<\/strong>\uff1a\u7db2\u8def\u554f\u984c\u6216 API \u670d\u52d9\u4e2d\u65b7\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u6e2c\u8a66\u5931\u6557<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u96e3\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236<\/strong>\uff1a\u7121\u6cd5\u6e2c\u8a66\u932f\u8aa4\u8655\u7406\uff08\u5982 API \u56de\u50b3 500\uff09<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6709\u526f\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ef\u80fd\u771f\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u9060\u7aef\u8cc7\u6599<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mock \u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u7528\u300c\u5047\u7684\u300d\u7269\u4ef6\u53d6\u4ee3\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u4f9d\u8cf4\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u63a7\u5236\u4f9d\u8cf4\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u548c\u56de\u50b3\u503c<\/li>\n<li>\u9a57\u8b49\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u78ba\u547c\u53eb\u4f9d\u8cf4<\/li>\n<li>\u52a0\u901f\u6e2c\u8a66\u57f7\u884c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">monkeypatch\uff1apytest \u5167\u5efa\u7684 mock \u5de5\u5177<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">pytest \u63d0\u4f9b <code>monkeypatch<\/code> fixture\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6700\u7c21\u55ae\u7684 mock \u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\"># test_api_client.py\nfrom api_client import get_user_data\n\ndef test_get_user_data(monkeypatch):\n    # \u5efa\u7acb\u5047\u7684 response\n    class FakeResponse:\n        def json(self):\n            return {\"id\": 1, \"name\": \"Alice\"}\n\n    # \u7528\u5047\u7684 get \u53d6\u4ee3 requests.get\n    def fake_get(url):\n        return FakeResponse()\n\n    monkeypatch.setattr(\"api_client.requests.get\", fake_get)\n\n    # \u73fe\u5728 get_user_data \u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u5047\u7684 requests.get\n    result = get_user_data(1)\n    assert result == {\"id\": 1, \"name\": \"Alice\"}\n<\/code><\/span><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">monkeypatch \u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\">def test_monkeypatch_examples(monkeypatch):\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u66ff\u63db\u5c6c\u6027<\/span>\n    monkeypatch.setattr(obj, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"attribute\"<\/span>, value)\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u66ff\u63db\u5b57\u5178\u9805\u76ee<\/span>\n    monkeypatch.setitem(my_dict, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"key\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"new_value\"<\/span>)\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u8a2d\u5b9a\u74b0\u5883\u8b8a\u6578<\/span>\n    monkeypatch.setenv(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"API_KEY\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"test-key\"<\/span>)\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u522a\u9664\u74b0\u5883\u8b8a\u6578<\/span>\n    monkeypatch.delenv(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"DEBUG\"<\/span>, raising=<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">False<\/span>)\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u4fee\u6539 sys.path<\/span>\n    monkeypatch.syspath_prepend(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"\/custom\/path\"<\/span>)\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8b80\u61c2 setattr \u7684\u8def\u5f91<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>monkeypatch.setattr<\/code> \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u53c3\u6578\u662f\u300c\u5f9e\u6e2c\u8a66\u6a94\u6848\u770b\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u8def\u5f91\u300d\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u6a94\u6848\u7d50\u69cb<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># myproject\/<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">#   api_client.py  &lt;- \u88e1\u9762 import requests<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">#   tests\/<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">#     test_api.py<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># test_api.py \u4e2d<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u932f\u8aa4\uff1a\u9019\u6703\u53bb mock requests \u6a21\u7d44\u672c\u8eab<\/span>\nmonkeypatch.setattr(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"requests.get\"<\/span>, fake_get)\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u6b63\u78ba\uff1amock api_client \u6a21\u7d44\u88e1\u7684 requests.get<\/span>\nmonkeypatch.setattr(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"api_client.requests.get\"<\/span>, fake_get)\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91cd\u9ede\uff1a<strong>mock \u7684\u662f\u300c\u4f7f\u7528\u7aef\u300d\u7684\u53c3\u7167\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u300c\u4f86\u6e90\u7aef\u300d<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">unittest.mock \u8207 pytest-mock<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Python \u6a19\u6e96\u5eab\u7684 <code>unittest.mock<\/code> \u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u5f37\u5927\u7684 mock \u529f\u80fd\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-4\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\">from unittest.mock import Mock, patch\n\ndef test_with_mock():\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u5efa\u7acb Mock \u7269\u4ef6<\/span>\n    mock_response = Mock()\n    mock_response.json.return_value = {<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"id\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"name\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Alice\"<\/span>}\n    mock_response.status_code = <span class=\"hljs-number\">200<\/span>\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u4f7f\u7528 patch \u88dd\u98fe\u5668<\/span>\n    with patch(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"api_client.requests.get\"<\/span>, return_value=mock_response) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">as<\/span> mock_get:\n        result = get_user_data(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>)\n\n        <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u9a57\u8b49 mock \u88ab\u6b63\u78ba\u547c\u53eb<\/span>\n        mock_get.assert_called_once_with(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"https:\/\/api.example.com\/users\/1\"<\/span>)\n        assert result == {<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"id\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"name\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Alice\"<\/span>}\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-4\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">pytest-mock \u63d2\u4ef6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>pytest-mock<\/code> \u5c07 <code>unittest.mock<\/code> \u5305\u88dd\u6210 fixture\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\">pip install pytest-mock\n<\/code><\/span><\/pre><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-5\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\">def test_with_mocker(mocker):\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># mocker \u662f pytest-mock \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684 fixture<\/span>\n    mock_response = mocker.Mock()\n    mock_response.json.return_value = {<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"id\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"name\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Alice\"<\/span>}\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u4f7f\u7528 mocker.patch<\/span>\n    mock_get = mocker.patch(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"api_client.requests.get\"<\/span>, return_value=mock_response)\n\n    result = get_user_data(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>)\n\n    mock_get.assert_called_once()\n    assert result&#91;<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"name\"<\/span>] == <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Alice\"<\/span>\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-5\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mock \u7269\u4ef6\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u5c6c\u6027<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-6\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\">def test_mock_attributes(mocker):\n    mock_func = mocker.Mock()\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u8a2d\u5b9a\u56de\u50b3\u503c<\/span>\n    mock_func.return_value = <span class=\"hljs-number\">42<\/span>\n    assert mock_func() == <span class=\"hljs-number\">42<\/span>\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u8a2d\u5b9a\u591a\u6b21\u547c\u53eb\u7684\u56de\u50b3\u503c<\/span>\n    mock_func.side_effect = &#91;<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>]\n    assert mock_func() == <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>\n    assert mock_func() == <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>\n    assert mock_func() == <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u8b93 mock \u62cb\u51fa\u4f8b\u5916<\/span>\n    mock_func.side_effect = ValueError(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"error\"<\/span>)\n    with pytest.raises(ValueError):\n        mock_func()\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-6\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u9a57\u8b49 mock \u547c\u53eb<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-7\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\">def test_mock_assertions(mocker):\n    mock_func = mocker.Mock()\n\n    mock_func(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"arg1\"<\/span>, key=<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"value\"<\/span>)\n    mock_func(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"arg2\"<\/span>)\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u9a57\u8b49\u547c\u53eb\u6b21\u6578<\/span>\n    assert mock_func.call_count == <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u9a57\u8b49\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u6b21\u547c\u53eb<\/span>\n    mock_func.assert_called_with(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"arg2\"<\/span>)\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u9a57\u8b49\u66fe\u7d93\u88ab\u9019\u6a23\u547c\u53eb\u904e<\/span>\n    mock_func.assert_any_call(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"arg1\"<\/span>, key=<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"value\"<\/span>)\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u53d6\u5f97\u6240\u6709\u547c\u53eb\u8a18\u9304<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">print<\/span>(mock_func.call_args_list)\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># &#91;call('arg1', key='value'), call('arg2')]<\/span>\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-7\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6e2c\u8a66\u76ee\u9304\u7d50\u69cb\u5efa\u8b70<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5c0f\u578b\u5c08\u6848\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u6e2c\u8a66\u653e\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u76ee\u9304\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\">myproject\/\n  calculator.py\n  test_calculator.py\n<\/code><\/span><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e2d\u5927\u578b\u5c08\u6848\u5efa\u8b70\u4f7f\u7528\u7368\u7acb\u7684 tests \u76ee\u9304\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-8\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\">myproject\/\n  src\/\n    myproject\/\n      __init__.py\n      calculator.py\n      api\/\n        __init__.py\n        client.py\n  tests\/\n    __init__.py\n    conftest.py              <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u5171\u7528 fixtures<\/span>\n    test_calculator.py\n    api\/\n      __init__.py\n      test_client.py\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-8\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">conftest.py \u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>conftest.py<\/code> \u662f pytest \u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6a94\u6848\uff0c\u7528\u65bc\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5171\u7528\u7684 fixtures\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-9\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># tests\/conftest.py<\/span>\nimport pytest\n\n@pytest.fixture\ndef api_client():\n    <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"\"<\/span><span class=\"hljs-string\">\"\u6240\u6709\u6e2c\u8a66\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u500b fixture\"<\/span><span class=\"hljs-string\">\"\"<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> APIClient(base_url=<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"https:\/\/test.example.com\"<\/span>)\n\n@pytest.fixture\ndef sample_user():\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> {<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"id\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"name\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Test User\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"email\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"test@example.com\"<\/span>}\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-9\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">conftest.py \u7684\u7279\u9ede\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u81ea\u52d5\u8f09\u5165<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 import\uff0cpytest \u6703\u81ea\u52d5\u627e\u5230<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4f5c\u7528\u7bc4\u570d<\/strong>\uff1a\u540c\u76ee\u9304\u53ca\u5b50\u76ee\u9304\u7684\u6e2c\u8a66\u90fd\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u500b<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u76ee\u9304\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 conftest.py<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">pytest.ini \/ pyproject.toml \u8a2d\u5b9a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">pytest.ini<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-10\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># pytest.ini<\/span>\n&#91;pytest]\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u6e2c\u8a66\u6a94\u6848\u7684\u76ee\u9304<\/span>\ntestpaths = tests\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u6e2c\u8a66\u6a94\u6848\u7684\u547d\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span>\npython_files = test_*.py\npython_classes = Test*\npython_functions = test_*\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u9810\u8a2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5217\u9078\u9805<\/span>\naddopts = -v --tb=short\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u5ffd\u7565\u7279\u5b9a\u76ee\u9304<\/span>\nnorecursedirs = .git .tox venv\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u8a2d\u5b9a markers<\/span>\nmarkers =\n    slow: marks tests <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">as<\/span> slow (deselect with <span class=\"hljs-string\">'-m \"not slow\"'<\/span>)\n    integration: marks tests <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">as<\/span> integration tests\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-10\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">pyproject.toml\uff08\u63a8\u85a6\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u73fe\u4ee3 Python \u5c08\u6848\u50be\u5411\u4f7f\u7528 pyproject.toml \u7d71\u4e00\u7ba1\u7406\u8a2d\u5b9a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-11\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># pyproject.toml<\/span>\n&#91;tool.pytest.ini_options]\ntestpaths = &#91;<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"tests\"<\/span>]\npython_files = &#91;<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"test_*.py\"<\/span>]\naddopts = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"-v --tb=short\"<\/span>\nmarkers = &#91;\n    <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"slow: marks tests as slow\"<\/span>,\n    <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"integration: marks tests as integration tests\"<\/span>,\n]\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-11\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">pytest-cov\uff1a\u6e2c\u8a66\u8986\u84cb\u7387\u5831\u544a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6e2c\u8a66\u8986\u84cb\u7387\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u300c\u591a\u5c11\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u88ab\u6e2c\u8a66\u57f7\u884c\u904e\u300d\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\">pip install pytest-cov\n<\/code><\/span><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u57fa\u672c\u4f7f\u7528<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-12\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u7522\u751f\u8986\u84cb\u7387\u5831\u544a<\/span>\npytest --cov=myproject tests\/\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u8f38\u51fa\u7bc4\u4f8b<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># ---------- coverage: platform linux, python 3.11.0 ----------<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Name                    Stmts   Miss  Cover<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># -------------------------------------------<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># myproject\/__init__.py       2      0   100%<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># myproject\/calculator.py    15      3    80%<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># myproject\/api\/client.py    28     10    64%<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># -------------------------------------------<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># TOTAL                      45     13    71%<\/span>\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-12\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5e38\u7528\u9078\u9805<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-13\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u986f\u793a\u54ea\u4e9b\u884c\u6c92\u88ab\u8986\u84cb<\/span>\npytest --cov=myproject --cov-report=term-missing\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u7522\u751f HTML \u5831\u544a<\/span>\npytest --cov=myproject --cov-report=html\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u8a2d\u5b9a\u6700\u4f4e\u8986\u84cb\u7387\u9580\u6abb\uff08\u4f4e\u65bc\u5247\u5931\u6557\uff09<\/span>\npytest --cov=myproject --cov-fail-under=<span class=\"hljs-number\">80<\/span>\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-13\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8b80\u61c2\u8986\u84cb\u7387\u5831\u544a<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\">Name                    Stmts   Miss  Cover   Missing\n-----------------------------------------------------\nmyproject\/calculator.py    15      3    80%   12-14\n<\/code><\/span><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Stmts<\/strong>\uff1a\u7e3d\u5171\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u884c\u53ef\u57f7\u884c\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc<\/li>\n<li><strong>Miss<\/strong>\uff1a\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u884c\u6c92\u88ab\u57f7\u884c<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cover<\/strong>\uff1a\u8986\u84cb\u7387\u767e\u5206\u6bd4<\/li>\n<li><strong>Missing<\/strong>\uff1a\u54ea\u4e9b\u884c\u865f\u6c92\u88ab\u8986\u84cb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6392\u9664\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6e2c\u8a66\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-14\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u4f7f\u7528 pragma: no cover \u8a3b\u89e3<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> __name__ == <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"__main__\"<\/span>:  <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># pragma: no cover<\/span>\n    main()\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-14\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6216\u5728\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6a94\u4e2d\u6392\u9664\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-15\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># pyproject.toml<\/span>\n&#91;tool.coverage.run]\nomit = &#91;\n    <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"*\/tests\/*\"<\/span>,\n    <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"*\/__main__.py\"<\/span>,\n]\n\n&#91;tool.coverage.report]\nexclude_lines = &#91;\n    <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"pragma: no cover\"<\/span>,\n    <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"if __name__ == .__main__.:\"<\/span>,\n    <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"raise NotImplementedError\"<\/span>,\n]\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-15\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">GitHub Actions \u6574\u5408\u7bc4\u4f8b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5c07 pytest \u6574\u5408\u5230 CI\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21 push \u90fd\u81ea\u52d5\u57f7\u884c\u6e2c\u8a66\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-16\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># .github\/workflows\/test.yml<\/span>\nname: Tests\n\non:\n  push:\n    branches: &#91;main]\n  pull_request:\n    branches: &#91;main]\n\njobs:\n  test:\n    runs-on: ubuntu-latest\n\n    steps:\n      - uses: actions\/checkout@v4\n\n      - name: Set up Python\n        uses: actions\/setup-python@v5\n        with:\n          python-version: <span class=\"hljs-string\">'3.11'<\/span>\n\n      - name: Install dependencies\n        run: |\n          python -m pip install --upgrade pip\n          pip install -r requirements.txt\n          pip install pytest pytest-cov\n\n      - name: Run tests\n        run: |\n          pytest --cov=myproject --cov-report=xml\n\n      - name: Upload coverage to Codecov\n        uses: codecov\/codecov-action@v4\n        with:\n          file: .\/coverage.xml\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-16\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8b80\u61c2\u9019\u500b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6a94<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-17\" data-shcb-language-name=\"CSS\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"css\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-css\"><span class=\"hljs-selector-tag\">on<\/span>:\n  <span class=\"hljs-selector-tag\">push<\/span>:\n    <span class=\"hljs-selector-tag\">branches<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-selector-attr\">&#91;main]<\/span>\n  <span class=\"hljs-selector-tag\">pull_request<\/span>:\n    <span class=\"hljs-selector-tag\">branches<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-selector-attr\">&#91;main]<\/span>\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-17\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">CSS<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">css<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89f8\u767c\u689d\u4ef6\uff1apush \u5230 main \u5206\u652f\uff0c\u6216\u5efa\u7acb PR \u5230 main \u5206\u652f\u6642\u57f7\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\">steps:\n  - uses: actions\/checkout@v4\n<\/code><\/span><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f7f\u7528\u5b98\u65b9\u7684 checkout action \u53d6\u5f97\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\">- name: Run tests\n  run: |\n    pytest --cov=myproject --cov-report=xml\n<\/code><\/span><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u57f7\u884c pytest \u4e26\u7522\u751f XML \u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u8986\u84cb\u7387\u5831\u544a\uff08\u7d66 Codecov \u7528\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u591a Python \u7248\u672c\u6e2c\u8a66<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-18\" data-shcb-language-name=\"JavaScript\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"javascript\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-javascript\">jobs:\n  test:\n    runs-on: ubuntu-latest\n    <span class=\"hljs-attr\">strategy<\/span>:\n      matrix:\n        python-version: &#91;<span class=\"hljs-string\">'3.9'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'3.10'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'3.11'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'3.12'<\/span>]\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-attr\">steps<\/span>:\n      - uses: actions\/checkout@v4\n\n      - name: <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">Set<\/span> up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}\n        <span class=\"hljs-attr\">uses<\/span>: actions\/setup-python@v5\n        <span class=\"hljs-attr\">with<\/span>:\n          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}\n\n      - name: Install and test\n        <span class=\"hljs-attr\">run<\/span>: |\n          pip install -r requirements.txt\n          pytest\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-18\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">JavaScript<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">javascript<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5be6\u6230\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6e2c\u8a66\u5c08\u6848\u7d50\u69cb<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\">myproject\/\n  pyproject.toml\n  src\/\n    myproject\/\n      __init__.py\n      calculator.py\n      api\/\n        __init__.py\n        client.py\n  tests\/\n    __init__.py\n    conftest.py\n    test_calculator.py\n    api\/\n      __init__.py\n      conftest.py\n      test_client.py\n  .github\/\n    workflows\/\n      test.yml\n<\/code><\/span><\/pre><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-19\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># pyproject.toml<\/span>\n&#91;project]\nname = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"myproject\"<\/span>\nversion = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"1.0.0\"<\/span>\nrequires-python = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"&gt;=3.9\"<\/span>\ndependencies = &#91;\n    <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"requests&gt;=2.28.0\"<\/span>,\n]\n\n&#91;project.optional-dependencies]\ndev = &#91;\n    <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"pytest&gt;=7.0.0\"<\/span>,\n    <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"pytest-cov&gt;=4.0.0\"<\/span>,\n    <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"pytest-mock&gt;=3.10.0\"<\/span>,\n]\n\n&#91;tool.pytest.ini_options]\ntestpaths = &#91;<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"tests\"<\/span>]\naddopts = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"-v --tb=short --cov=myproject --cov-report=term-missing\"<\/span>\nmarkers = &#91;\n    <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"slow: marks tests as slow\"<\/span>,\n    <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"integration: marks tests as integration tests\"<\/span>,\n]\n\n&#91;tool.coverage.run]\nsource = &#91;<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"src\/myproject\"<\/span>]\nomit = &#91;<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"*\/tests\/*\"<\/span>]\n\n&#91;tool.coverage.report]\nexclude_lines = &#91;\n    <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"pragma: no cover\"<\/span>,\n    <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"if __name__ == .__main__.:\"<\/span>,\n]\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-19\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7e3d\u7d50<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u7bc7\u6db5\u84cb\u4e86 pytest \u5be6\u6230\u4e2d\u7684\u9032\u968e\u6280\u5de7\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u4e3b\u984c<\/th>\n<th>\u91cd\u9ede<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Mock<\/td>\n<td>\u9694\u96e2\u5916\u90e8\u4f9d\u8cf4\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u6e2c\u8a66\u74b0\u5883<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>monkeypatch<\/td>\n<td>pytest \u5167\u5efa\u7684\u7c21\u55ae mock \u5de5\u5177<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>pytest-mock<\/td>\n<td>\u66f4\u5f37\u5927\u7684 mock \u529f\u80fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6e2c\u8a66\u7d44\u7e54<\/td>\n<td>conftest.py \u5171\u7528 fixtures<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6a94<\/td>\n<td>pyproject.toml \u7d71\u4e00\u7ba1\u7406<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>pytest-cov<\/td>\n<td>\u6e2c\u8a66\u8986\u84cb\u7387\u5831\u544a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>GitHub Actions<\/td>\n<td>CI \u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u6e2c\u8a66<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7cfb\u5217\u56de\u9867<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7d93\u904e\u9019\u4e94\u7bc7\u6559\u5b78\uff0c\u4f60\u5df2\u7d93\u5b78\u6703\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u57fa\u790e\u7bc7<\/strong>\uff1apytest \u5b89\u88dd\u8207\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u6e2c\u8a66<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u65b7\u8a00\u7bc7<\/strong>\uff1a\u5404\u7a2e\u65b7\u8a00\u65b9\u6cd5\u8207\u4f8b\u5916\u6e2c\u8a66<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fixture \u7bc7<\/strong>\uff1a\u6e2c\u8a66\u524d\u7f6e\u4f5c\u696d\u8207\u8cc7\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u53c3\u6578\u5316\u7bc7<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u53c3\u6578\u5316\u6e1b\u5c11\u91cd\u8907\u6e2c\u8a66<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5be6\u6230\u7bc7<\/strong>\uff1amock\u3001\u6e2c\u8a66\u7d44\u7e54\u8207 CI \u6574\u5408<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u73fe\u5728\u4f60\u5df2\u7d93\u5177\u5099\u5728\u771f\u5be6\u5c08\u6848\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 pytest \u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u8a18\u4f4f\uff0c\u597d\u7684\u6e2c\u8a66\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u8ffd\u6c42\u8986\u84cb\u7387\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u6e2c\u8a66\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u548c\u908a\u754c\u689d\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Happy testing!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"quiz-advanced\">\n<style>\n#quiz-advanced .badge {\n        display: inline-block;\n        padding: 4px 10px;\n        border-radius: 12px;\n        font-size: 0.75em;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        margin-left: 8px;\n      }#quiz-advanced .badge.scenario {\n        background: #ebf8ff;\n        color: #2b6cb0;\n      }#quiz-advanced .badge.debug {\n        background: #fef3c7;\n        color: #92400e;\n      }#quiz-advanced .question-adv {\n        background: white;\n        border-radius: 10px;\n        padding: 24px;\n        margin: 20px 0;\n        box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);\n        border-left: 4px solid #ed8936;\n      }#quiz-advanced .question-adv h3 {\n        margin-top: 0;\n        color: #2d3748;\n      }#quiz-advanced .code-block {\n        background: #1e1e1e;\n        color: #d4d4d4;\n        padding: 14px;\n        border-radius: 6px;\n        font-family: \"Menlo\", \"Monaco\", \"Courier New\", monospace;\n        font-size: 0.9em;\n        overflow-x: auto;\n        margin: 12px 0;\n        white-space: pre-wrap;\n      }#quiz-advanced .options-adv {\n        list-style: none;\n        padding: 0;\n      }#quiz-advanced .options-adv li {\n        padding: 14px 16px;\n        margin: 10px 0;\n        border: 2px solid #e2e8f0;\n        border-radius: 8px;\n        cursor: pointer;\n        transition: all 0.2s;\n      }#quiz-advanced .options-adv li:hover:not(.disabled) {\n        border-color: #ed8936;\n        background: #fffaf0;\n      }#quiz-advanced .options-adv li.disabled {\n        cursor: default;\n        opacity: 0.7;\n      }#quiz-advanced .options-adv li.show-answer {\n        border-color: #48bb78;\n        background: #f0fff4;\n      }#quiz-advanced .options-adv li.wrong {\n        border-color: #fc8181;\n        background: #fff5f5;\n      }#quiz-advanced .feedback-adv {\n        margin-top: 16px;\n        padding: 14px;\n        border-radius: 8px;\n        display: none;\n        line-height: 1.6;\n      }#quiz-advanced .feedback-adv.correct {\n        background: #f0fff4;\n        color: #276749;\n        display: block;\n      }#quiz-advanced .feedback-adv.wrong {\n        background: #fff5f5;\n        color: #c53030;\n        display: block;\n      }#quiz-advanced .feedback-adv \n      .score-adv {\n        text-align: center;\n        font-size: 1.4em;\n        padding: 24px;\n        background: white;\n        border-radius: 10px;\n        margin-top: 24px;\n        box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);\n      }#quiz-advanced .intro {\n        background: #ebf8ff;\n        padding: 16px;\n        border-radius: 8px;\n        margin-bottom: 20px;\n        color: #2c5282;\n      }\n<\/style>\n<h1>\u9032\u968e\u6e2c\u9a57\uff1apytest \u5be6\u6230\u6574\u5408 &#8211; mock\u3001\u6e2c\u8a66\u7d44\u7e54\u8207 CI \u6574\u5408<\/h1>\n    <div class=\"intro\">\n      <strong>\u6e2c\u9a57\u76ee\u6a19\uff1a<\/strong>\u9a57\u8b49\u4f60\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5728\u5be6\u969b\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u61c9\u7528\u6240\u5b78\u3002<br \/>\n      \u5171 5 \u984c\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u60c5\u5883\u984c\u8207\u932f\u8aa4\u8a3a\u65b7\u984c\u3002\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"question-adv\" id=\"qAdv1\">\n      <h3>1. \u4f60\u7684\u5c08\u6848\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u51fd\u5f0f\u6703\u547c\u53eb\u5916\u90e8\u652f\u4ed8 API\uff0c\u4f60\u60f3\u6e2c\u8a66\u7576 API \u56de\u50b3\u932f\u8aa4\u6642\u7a0b\u5f0f\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u6b63\u78ba\u8655\u7406\u3002\u61c9\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u505a\uff1f <span class=\"badge scenario\">\u60c5\u5883\u984c<\/span><\/h3>\n      <div class=\"code-block\"># payment.py\nimport requests\n\ndef process_payment(amount):\n    response = requests.post(&#8220;https:\/\/api.payment.com\/charge&#8221;, json={&#8220;amount&#8221;: amount})\n    if response.status_code != 200:\n        raise PaymentError(&#8220;Payment failed&#8221;)\n    return response.json()<\/div>\n      <ul class=\"options-adv\">\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(1, 'A', 'C')\">A. \u4f7f\u7528\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u6e2c\u8a66\u74b0\u5883 API\uff0c\u50b3\u5165\u6703\u89f8\u767c\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u91d1\u984d<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(1, 'B', 'C')\">B. \u5728\u6e2c\u8a66\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539 <code>process_payment<\/code> \u51fd\u5f0f\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(1, 'C', 'C')\">C. \u4f7f\u7528 mock \u8a2d\u5b9a <code>side_effect<\/code> \u6216\u63a7\u5236\u56de\u50b3\u7684 <code>status_code<\/code> \u4f86\u6a21\u64ec\u932f\u8aa4<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(1, 'D', 'C')\">D. \u66ab\u6642\u95dc\u9589\u7db2\u8def\u9023\u7dda\u4f86\u6e2c\u8a66\u932f\u8aa4\u8655\u7406<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n      <div class=\"feedback-adv\" id=\"fbAdv1\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"question-adv\" id=\"qAdv2\">\n      <h3>2. \u5c0f\u660e\u5beb\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6e2c\u8a66\uff0c\u4f46 mock \u6c92\u6709\u751f\u6548\uff0c<code>get_weather<\/code> \u9084\u662f\u6703\u771f\u7684\u767c\u9001\u7db2\u8def\u8acb\u6c42\u3002\u554f\u984c\u51fa\u5728\u54ea\u88e1\uff1f <span class=\"badge debug\">\u932f\u8aa4\u8a3a\u65b7<\/span><\/h3>\n      <div class=\"code-block\"># weather_service.py\nimport requests\n\ndef get_weather(city):\n    response = requests.get(f&#8221;https:\/\/api.weather.com\/{city}&#8221;)\n    return response.json()\n\n# test_weather.py\nfrom weather_service import get_weather\n\ndef test_get_weather(monkeypatch):\n    def fake_get(url):\n        class FakeResponse:\n            def json(self):\n                return {&#8220;temp&#8221;: 25}\n        return FakeResponse()\n\n    monkeypatch.setattr(&#8220;requests.get&#8221;, fake_get)\n    result = get_weather(&#8220;taipei&#8221;)\n    assert result[&#8220;temp&#8221;] == 25<\/div>\n      <ul class=\"options-adv\">\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(2, 'A', 'B')\">A. <code>FakeResponse<\/code> \u985e\u5225\u5b9a\u7fa9\u6709\u554f\u984c<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(2, 'B', 'B')\">B. \u61c9\u8a72 mock <code>weather_service.requests.get<\/code>\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f <code>requests.get<\/code><\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(2, 'C', 'B')\">C. <code>monkeypatch<\/code> \u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u51fd\u5f0f\u5167\u5b9a\u7fa9 fake \u51fd\u5f0f<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(2, 'D', 'B')\">D. \u61c9\u8a72\u4f7f\u7528 <code>pytest-mock<\/code> \u800c\u4e0d\u662f <code>monkeypatch<\/code><\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n      <div class=\"feedback-adv\" id=\"fbAdv2\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"question-adv\" id=\"qAdv3\">\n      <h3>3. \u4f60\u7684\u5718\u968a\u5c08\u6848\u6709\u591a\u500b\u6e2c\u8a66\u6a94\u6848\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u9023\u7dda fixture\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u8907\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\uff0c\u6700\u4f73\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f <span class=\"badge scenario\">\u60c5\u5883\u984c<\/span><\/h3>\n      <ul class=\"options-adv\">\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(3, 'A', 'C')\">A. \u5728\u6bcf\u500b\u6e2c\u8a66\u6a94\u6848\u7684\u958b\u982d\u8907\u88fd\u8cbc\u4e0a fixture \u5b9a\u7fa9<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(3, 'B', 'C')\">B. \u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b <code>fixtures.py<\/code> \u6a94\u6848\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u500b\u6e2c\u8a66\u6a94\u6848\u4e2d import<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(3, 'C', 'C')\">C. \u5728 <code>tests\/conftest.py<\/code> \u4e2d\u5b9a\u7fa9 fixture\uff0cpytest \u6703\u81ea\u52d5\u8f09\u5165<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(3, 'D', 'C')\">D. \u4f7f\u7528\u5168\u57df\u8b8a\u6578\u5728\u6a21\u7d44\u5c64\u7d1a\u5efa\u7acb\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u9023\u7dda<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n      <div class=\"feedback-adv\" id=\"fbAdv3\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"question-adv\" id=\"qAdv4\">\n      <h3>4. CI \u57f7\u884c pytest \u6642\u51fa\u73fe\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8f38\u51fa\uff0c\u6e2c\u8a66\u5168\u90e8\u901a\u904e\u4f46\u6700\u5f8c\u986f\u793a\u5931\u6557\u3002\u6700\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f <span class=\"badge debug\">\u932f\u8aa4\u8a3a\u65b7<\/span><\/h3>\n      <div class=\"code-block\">$ pytest &#8211;cov=myproject &#8211;cov-fail-under=80\n========================= test session starts =========================\ncollected 15 items\n\ntests\/test_calculator.py &#8230;..                                  [ 33%]\ntests\/test_api.py &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.                                    [100%]\n\n&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;- coverage: platform linux, python 3.11.0 &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-\nName                    Stmts   Miss  Cover\n&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-\nmyproject\/__init__.py       2      0   100%\nmyproject\/calculator.py    15      3    80%\nmyproject\/api\/client.py    28     12    57%\n&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-\nTOTAL                      45     15    67%\n\nFAIL Required test coverage of 80% not reached. Total coverage: 67%<\/div>\n      <ul class=\"options-adv\">\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(4, 'A', 'D')\">A. \u6709\u96b1\u85cf\u7684\u6e2c\u8a66\u6848\u4f8b\u5931\u6557\u4e86<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(4, 'B', 'D')\">B. <code>pytest-cov<\/code> \u63d2\u4ef6\u7248\u672c\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(4, 'C', 'D')\">C. <code>myproject\/api\/client.py<\/code> \u6a94\u6848\u6709\u8a9e\u6cd5\u932f\u8aa4<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(4, 'D', 'D')\">D. \u7e3d\u8986\u84cb\u7387 67% \u4f4e\u65bc\u8a2d\u5b9a\u7684\u9580\u6abb 80%\uff0c\u89f8\u767c\u4e86 <code>--cov-fail-under<\/code><\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n      <div class=\"feedback-adv\" id=\"fbAdv4\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"question-adv\" id=\"qAdv5\">\n      <h3>5. \u4f60\u9700\u8981\u9a57\u8b49\u4e00\u500b\u51fd\u5f0f\u5728\u8655\u7406\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u78ba\u5be6\u547c\u53eb\u4e86 <code>send_email<\/code> \u51fd\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u50b3\u5165\u7684\u6536\u4ef6\u8005\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u3002\u61c9\u8a72\u4f7f\u7528\u4ec0\u9ebc\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1f <span class=\"badge scenario\">\u60c5\u5883\u984c<\/span><\/h3>\n      <div class=\"code-block\"># notification.py\ndef notify_user(user_id, message):\n    user = get_user(user_id)\n    send_email(user.email, message)\n    return True<\/div>\n      <ul class=\"options-adv\">\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(5, 'A', 'B')\">A. \u6aa2\u67e5\u51fd\u5f0f\u7684\u56de\u50b3\u503c\u662f\u5426\u70ba <code>True<\/code><\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(5, 'B', 'B')\">B. \u4f7f\u7528 mock \u7269\u4ef6\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u547c\u53eb <code>mock_send_email.assert_called_with(expected_email, message)<\/code><\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(5, 'C', 'B')\">C. \u8a2d\u5b9a\u4e00\u500b\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u6e2c\u8a66\u4fe1\u7bb1\uff0c\u6aa2\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u6536\u5230\u90f5\u4ef6<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(5, 'D', 'B')\">D. \u4f7f\u7528 <code>print<\/code> \u5370\u51fa\u53c3\u6578\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u6aa2\u67e5\u8f38\u51fa<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n      <div class=\"feedback-adv\" id=\"fbAdv5\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"score-adv\" id=\"scoreAdv\" style=\"display:none;\"><\/div>\n<script>\n\n      let answeredAdv = 0;\n      let correctAdv = 0;\n      const totalAdv = 5;\n      const explanationsAdv = {\n        1: \"\u4f7f\u7528 mock \u662f\u6e2c\u8a66\u932f\u8aa4\u8655\u7406\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a2d\u5b9a <code>mock_response.status_code = 500<\/code> \u6216\u4f7f\u7528 <code>side_effect<\/code> \u4f86\u6a21\u64ec\u5404\u7a2e\u932f\u8aa4\u60c5\u5883\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f9d\u8cf4\u5916\u90e8\u670d\u52d9\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u6e2c\u8a66\u66f4\u7a69\u5b9a\u3001\u66f4\u5feb\u901f\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u6e2c\u8a66\u5230\u6240\u6709\u908a\u754c\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002\",\n        2: \"\u9019\u662f mock \u8def\u5f91\u7684\u7d93\u5178\u932f\u8aa4\u3002<code>monkeypatch.setattr<\/code> \u61c9\u8a72 mock\u300c\u4f7f\u7528\u7aef\u300d\u7684\u53c3\u7167\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f <code>weather_service.requests.get<\/code>\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba <code>weather_service.py<\/code> \u88e1\u9762 import \u4e86 requests\u3002\u76f4\u63a5 mock <code>requests.get<\/code> \u53ea\u6703\u5f71\u97ff requests \u6a21\u7d44\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u4e0d\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u5df2\u7d93 import \u7684\u6a21\u7d44\u3002\",\n        3: \"<code>conftest.py<\/code> \u662f pytest \u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6a94\u6848\uff0c\u5c08\u9580\u7528\u65bc\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5171\u7528\u7684 fixtures\u3002\u5b83\u6703\u88ab\u81ea\u52d5\u8f09\u5165\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 import\uff0c\u540c\u76ee\u9304\u53ca\u5b50\u76ee\u9304\u7684\u6e2c\u8a66\u90fd\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u9019\u662f pytest \u5b98\u65b9\u63a8\u85a6\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\",\n        4: \"<code>--cov-fail-under=80<\/code> \u8a2d\u5b9a\u4e86\u6700\u4f4e\u8986\u84cb\u7387\u9580\u6abb\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u6240\u6709\u6e2c\u8a66\u6848\u4f8b\u90fd\u901a\u904e\uff0c\u4f46\u7e3d\u8986\u84cb\u7387\u53ea\u6709 67%\uff0c\u4f4e\u65bc 80% \u7684\u9580\u6abb\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 pytest \u56de\u5831\u5931\u6557\u3002\u9700\u8981\u589e\u52a0\u6e2c\u8a66\u4f86\u63d0\u9ad8 <code>api\/client.py<\/code> \u7684\u8986\u84cb\u7387\u3002\",\n        5: \"Mock \u7269\u4ef6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 <code>assert_called_with()<\/code>\u3001<code>assert_called_once()<\/code>\u3001<code>assert_any_call()<\/code> \u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9a57\u8b49\u51fd\u5f0f\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u6b63\u78ba\u547c\u53eb\u3001\u547c\u53eb\u6b21\u6578\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u50b3\u5165\u7684\u53c3\u6578\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u78ba\u3002\u9019\u662f\u6e2c\u8a66\u51fd\u5f0f\u4e92\u52d5\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\"\n      };\n\n      function checkAnswerAdv(qNum, selected, correctAns) {\n        const question = document.getElementById(\"qAdv\" + qNum);\n        if (question.classList.contains(\"answered\")) return;\n\n        question.classList.add(\"answered\");\n        answeredAdv++;\n\n        const options = question.querySelectorAll(\".options-adv li\");\n        options.forEach((opt) => {\n          opt.classList.add(\"disabled\");\n          if (opt.textContent.startsWith(correctAns + \".\")) {\n            opt.classList.add(\"show-answer\");\n          }\n        });\n\n        const feedback = document.getElementById(\"fbAdv\" + qNum);\n        if (selected === correctAns) {\n          correctAdv++;\n          feedback.className = \"feedback-adv correct\";\n          feedback.innerHTML = \"\u2713 \u6b63\u78ba\uff01\" + explanationsAdv[qNum];\n        } else {\n          feedback.className = \"feedback-adv wrong\";\n          feedback.innerHTML =\n            \"\u2717 \u932f\u8aa4\u3002\u6b63\u78ba\u7b54\u6848\u662f \" + correctAns + \"\u3002\" + explanationsAdv[qNum];\n          options.forEach((opt) => {\n            if (opt.textContent.startsWith(selected + \".\")) {\n              opt.classList.add(\"wrong\");\n            }\n          });\n        }\n\n        if (answeredAdv === totalAdv) {\n          const scoreDiv = document.getElementById(\"scoreAdv\");\n          scoreDiv.style.display = \"block\";\n          let msg = \"\";\n          if (correctAdv === totalAdv) msg = \"\ud83c\udfaf \u5b8c\u7f8e\uff01\u4f60\u5df2\u7d93\u6e96\u5099\u597d\u5be6\u6230\u4e86\uff01\";\n          else if (correctAdv >= Math.ceil(totalAdv * 0.8))\n            msg = \"\ud83d\udcaa \u5f88\u68d2\uff01\u518d\u8907\u7fd2\u4e00\u4e0b\u932f\u7684\u984c\u76ee\";\n          else if (correctAdv >= Math.ceil(totalAdv * 0.6))\n            msg = \"\ud83d\udcd6 \u5efa\u8b70\u91cd\u8b80\u76f8\u95dc\u6bb5\u843d\u5f8c\u518d\u8a66\u4e00\u6b21\";\n          else msg = \"\ud83d\udd04 \u5efa\u8b70\u91cd\u65b0\u95b1\u8b80\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u6ce8\u610f\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\";\n          scoreDiv.innerHTML =\n            \"\u6e2c\u9a57\u5b8c\u6210\uff01\u5f97\u5206\uff1a\" + correctAdv + \" \/ \" + totalAdv + \"<br>\" + msg;\n        }\n      }\n    \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6e2c\u9a57\uff1apytest \u5be6\u6230\u6574\u5408 &#8211; mock\u3001\u6e2c\u8a66\u7d44\u7e54\u8207 CI \u6574\u5408 \u5171 5 \u984c\uff0c\u9ede\u9078\u7b54\u6848\u5f8c\u6703\u7acb\u5373\u986f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rolpb_likes":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[192],"tags":[331],"class_list":["post-366","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-pytest","tag-pytest"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":7}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.itsmygo.uk\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/366","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.itsmygo.uk\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.itsmygo.uk\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.itsmygo.uk\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.itsmygo.uk\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=366"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blog.itsmygo.uk\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/366\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.itsmygo.uk\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=366"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.itsmygo.uk\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=366"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.itsmygo.uk\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=366"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}