{"id":763,"date":"2026-02-23T21:53:20","date_gmt":"2026-02-23T13:53:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.itsmygo.uk\/2026\/02\/23\/%e3%80%90%e7%b3%bb%e7%b5%b1%e8%a8%ad%e8%a8%88-30-%e6%a6%82%e5%bf%b5%e3%80%9102-api-%e8%a8%ad%e8%a8%88%e8%88%87%e8%b3%87%e6%96%99%e5%84%b2%e5%ad%98-rest%e3%80%81graphql-%e8%88%87%e8%b3%87\/"},"modified":"2026-02-23T21:53:20","modified_gmt":"2026-02-23T13:53:20","slug":"%e3%80%90%e7%b3%bb%e7%b5%b1%e8%a8%ad%e8%a8%88-30-%e6%a6%82%e5%bf%b5%e3%80%9102-api-%e8%a8%ad%e8%a8%88%e8%88%87%e8%b3%87%e6%96%99%e5%84%b2%e5%ad%98-rest%e3%80%81graphql-%e8%88%87%e8%b3%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.itsmygo.uk\/wordpress\/2026\/02\/23\/%e3%80%90%e7%b3%bb%e7%b5%b1%e8%a8%ad%e8%a8%88-30-%e6%a6%82%e5%bf%b5%e3%80%9102-api-%e8%a8%ad%e8%a8%88%e8%88%87%e8%b3%87%e6%96%99%e5%84%b2%e5%ad%98-rest%e3%80%81graphql-%e8%88%87%e8%b3%87\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u7cfb\u7d71\u8a2d\u8a08 30 \u6982\u5ff5\u3011#02 API \u8a2d\u8a08\u8207\u8cc7\u6599\u5132\u5b58 \u2014 REST\u3001GraphQL \u8207\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u9078\u578b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"quiz-88a72a02\">\n<style>\n#quiz-88a72a02 .question {\n        background: white;\n        border-radius: 8px;\n        padding: 20px;\n        margin: 20px 0;\n        box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n      }#quiz-88a72a02 .question h3 {\n        margin-top: 0;\n        color: #333;\n      }#quiz-88a72a02 .options {\n        list-style: none;\n        padding: 0;\n      }#quiz-88a72a02 .options li {\n        padding: 12px 15px;\n        margin: 8px 0;\n        border: 2px solid #ddd;\n        border-radius: 6px;\n        cursor: pointer;\n        transition: all 0.2s;\n      }#quiz-88a72a02 .options li:hover:not(.disabled) {\n        border-color: #4caf50;\n        background: #f0fff0;\n      }#quiz-88a72a02 .options li.correct {\n        border-color: #4caf50;\n        background: #e8f5e9;\n      }#quiz-88a72a02 .options li.wrong {\n        border-color: #f44336;\n        background: #ffebee;\n      }#quiz-88a72a02 .options li.disabled {\n        cursor: default;\n        opacity: 0.7;\n      }#quiz-88a72a02 .options li.show-answer {\n        border-color: #4caf50;\n        background: #e8f5e9;\n      }#quiz-88a72a02 .feedback {\n        margin-top: 15px;\n        padding: 12px;\n        border-radius: 6px;\n        display: none;\n      }#quiz-88a72a02 .feedback.correct {\n        background: #e8f5e9;\n        color: #2e7d32;\n        display: block;\n      }#quiz-88a72a02 .feedback.wrong {\n        background: #ffebee;\n        color: #c62828;\n        display: block;\n      }#quiz-88a72a02 .score {\n        text-align: center;\n        font-size: 1.5em;\n        padding: 20px;\n        background: white;\n        border-radius: 8px;\n        margin-top: 20px;\n      }#quiz-88a72a02 .code-block {\n        background: #1e1e1e;\n        color: #d4d4d4;\n        padding: 14px;\n        border-radius: 6px;\n        font-family: \"Monaco\", \"Consolas\", \"Courier New\", monospace;\n        font-size: 0.9em;\n        overflow-x: auto;\n        margin: 12px 0;\n        white-space: pre-wrap;\n      }\n<\/style>\n<h1>\u6e2c\u9a57\uff1aAPI \u8a2d\u8a08\u8207\u8cc7\u6599\u5132\u5b58 \u2014 REST\u3001GraphQL \u8207\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u9078\u578b<\/h1>\n    <p>\u5171 5 \u984c\uff0c\u9ede\u9078\u7b54\u6848\u5f8c\u6703\u7acb\u5373\u986f\u793a\u7d50\u679c<\/p>\n\n    <div class=\"question\" id=\"q1\">\n      <h3>1. \u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc Client \u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u5b58\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u900f\u904e API \u6e9d\u901a\uff1f<\/h3>\n      <ul class=\"options\">\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(1, 'A', 'C')\">A. \u56e0\u70ba\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e0d\u652f\u63f4 HTTP \u5354\u5b9a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5fc5\u9808\u900f\u904e API \u8f49\u63db<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(1, 'B', 'C')\">B. \u56e0\u70ba API \u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u901f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u67e5\u8a62\uff0c\u8b93\u56de\u61c9\u66f4\u5feb<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(1, 'C', 'C')\">C. \u56e0\u70ba API \u63d0\u4f9b\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u9a57\u8b49\u3001\u524d\u5f8c\u7aef\u89e3\u8026\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u7b49\u4fdd\u969c<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(1, 'D', 'C')\">D. \u56e0\u70ba\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u53ea\u80fd\u5b58\u653e\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u9700\u8981 API \u4f86\u8655\u7406\u5176\u4ed6\u683c\u5f0f<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n      <div class=\"feedback\" id=\"fb1\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"question\" id=\"q2\">\n      <h3>2. \u5728 REST API \u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u300c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u300d\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u500b HTTP \u65b9\u6cd5\u642d\u914d\u54ea\u500b URL\uff1f<\/h3>\n      <ul class=\"options\">\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(2, 'A', 'B')\">A. <code>GET \/users<\/code><\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(2, 'B', 'B')\">B. <code>POST \/users<\/code><\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(2, 'C', 'B')\">C. <code>PUT \/users\/new<\/code><\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(2, 'D', 'B')\">D. <code>DELETE \/users<\/code><\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n      <div class=\"feedback\" id=\"fb2\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"question\" id=\"q3\">\n      <h3>3. REST API \u7684\u300cStateless\uff08\u7121\u72c0\u614b\uff09\u300d\u7279\u6027\u610f\u5473\u8457\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f<\/h3>\n      <ul class=\"options\">\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(3, 'A', 'D')\">A. Server \u4e0d\u6703\u5132\u5b58\u4efb\u4f55\u8cc7\u6599\u5230\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(3, 'B', 'D')\">B. Client \u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u8eab\u4efd\u9a57\u8b49\u8cc7\u8a0a<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(3, 'C', 'D')\">C. API \u4e0d\u80fd\u56de\u50b3 JSON \u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u8cc7\u6599<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(3, 'D', 'D')\">D. \u6bcf\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u7368\u7acb\uff0cServer \u4e0d\u8a18\u4f4f\u4e0a\u4e00\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0cClient \u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u8981\u5e36\u4e0a\u8eab\u4efd\u8cc7\u8a0a<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n      <div class=\"feedback\" id=\"fb3\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"question\" id=\"q4\">\n      <h3>4. GraphQL \u4e3b\u8981\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e86 REST \u7684\u54ea\u5169\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff1f<\/h3>\n      <ul class=\"options\">\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(4, 'A', 'B')\">A. \u5b89\u5168\u6027\u4e0d\u8db3\u548c\u56de\u61c9\u901f\u5ea6\u592a\u6162<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(4, 'B', 'B')\">B. Over-fetching\uff08\u62ff\u5230\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6b04\u4f4d\uff09\u548c Under-fetching\uff08\u4e00\u6b21\u62ff\u4e0d\u5230\u6240\u6709\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff09<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(4, 'C', 'B')\">C. \u4e0d\u652f\u63f4 JSON \u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u7121\u6cd5\u8655\u7406\u5de2\u72c0\u8cc7\u6599<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(4, 'D', 'B')\">D. \u7121\u6cd5\u6c34\u5e73\u64f4\u5c55\u548c\u4e0d\u652f\u63f4\u5373\u6642\u901a\u8a0a<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n      <div class=\"feedback\" id=\"fb4\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"question\" id=\"q5\">\n      <h3>5. \u4f60\u6b63\u5728\u958b\u767c\u4e00\u500b\u96fb\u5546\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8655\u7406\u8a02\u55ae\u548c\u5eab\u5b58\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u300c\u6263\u6b3e\u548c\u51fa\u8ca8\u300d\u5fc5\u9808\u7d81\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff08\u5168\u6210\u529f\u6216\u5168\u5931\u6557\uff09\u3002\u6839\u64da\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u6c7a\u7b56\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u4f60\u61c9\u8a72\u9078\u64c7\u54ea\u7a2e\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff1f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f<\/h3>\n      <ul class=\"options\">\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(5, 'A', 'A')\">A. SQL \u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff08\u5982 PostgreSQL\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9700\u8981 ACID \u4ea4\u6613\u4fdd\u8b49\u548c\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u8de8\u8868 JOIN \u67e5\u8a62<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(5, 'B', 'A')\">B. NoSQL \u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff08\u5982 MongoDB\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u96fb\u5546\u8cc7\u6599\u683c\u5f0f\u591a\u8b8a\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5f48\u6027 Schema<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(5, 'C', 'A')\">C. Redis\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u96fb\u5546\u9700\u8981\u6beb\u79d2\u7d1a\u7684\u8b80\u5beb\u901f\u5ea6<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswer(5, 'D', 'A')\">D. NoSQL \u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u96fb\u5546\u7cfb\u7d71\u9700\u8981\u6c34\u5e73\u64f4\u5c55\u4f86\u61c9\u5c0d\u5927\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u8005<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n      <div class=\"feedback\" id=\"fb5\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"score\" id=\"score\" style=\"display:none;\"><\/div>\n<script>\n\n      let answered = 0;\n      let correct = 0;\n      const total = 5;\n      const explanations = {\n        1: \"\u6587\u7ae0\u6307\u51fa API \u4f5c\u70ba\u4e2d\u9593\u5c64\u6709\u4e09\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u539f\u56e0\uff1a\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff08\u9a57\u8b49\u8eab\u4efd\u3001\u904e\u6ffe\u8acb\u6c42\uff09\u3001\u89e3\u8026\uff08\u524d\u5f8c\u7aef\u7368\u7acb\u958b\u767c\uff09\u3001\u63a7\u5236\uff08\u9650\u5236\u6d41\u91cf\u3001\u8a18\u9304\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09\u3002\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u672c\u8eab\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u6536\u9023\u7dda\uff0c\u4f46\u76f4\u63a5\u8b93 Client \u9023\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7b49\u65bc\u628a\u9470\u5319\u4ea4\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\",\n        2: \"REST API \u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u54f2\u5b78\u662f Resource-based\uff1aURL \u4ee3\u8868\u8cc7\u6e90\uff08\u540d\u8a5e\uff09\uff0cHTTP \u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee3\u8868\u52d5\u4f5c\uff08\u52d5\u8a5e\uff09\u3002POST \u4ee3\u8868\u300c\u5efa\u7acb\u300d\uff0c\u642d\u914d \/users \u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u7b46\u65b0\u8cc7\u6599\u3002GET \u662f\u300c\u8b80\u53d6\u300d\u3001PUT \u662f\u300c\u66f4\u65b0\u300d\u3001DELETE \u662f\u300c\u522a\u9664\u300d\u3002\",\n        3: \"Stateless \u610f\u5473\u8457\u6bcf\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u7368\u7acb\uff0cServer \u4e0d\u6703\u8a18\u4f4f\u4e0a\u4e00\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u7528\u300c\u5e97\u54e1\u300d\u6bd4\u55bb\uff1a\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u81ea\u6211\u4ecb\u7d39\uff08\u5e36\u4e0a token\uff09\u3002\u597d\u8655\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u53f0 Server \u90fd\u80fd\u8655\u7406\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u627e\u5230\u4e0a\u6b21\u670d\u52d9\u4f60\u7684\u90a3\u53f0\uff0c\u9019\u5c0d\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u64f4\u5c55\u6027\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\",\n        4: \"\u6587\u7ae0\u660e\u78ba\u6307\u51fa GraphQL \u89e3\u6c7a REST \u7684\u5169\u500b\u75db\u9ede\uff1aOver-fetching\uff08\u53ea\u9700\u8981 name \u537b\u62ff\u5230\u4e00\u5806\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6b04\u4f4d\uff09\u548c Under-fetching\uff08\u4e00\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u62ff\u4e0d\u5230\u6240\u6709\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u8981\u767c\u591a\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\uff09\u3002GraphQL \u8b93 Client \u7cbe\u78ba\u6307\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6b04\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u8acb\u6c42\u62ff\u5230\u6240\u6709\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\",\n        5: \"\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u6c7a\u7b56\u6a39\u548c\u60c5\u5883\u901f\u67e5\u8868\u90fd\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u96fb\u5546\u7cfb\u7d71\u9700\u8981 ACID \u4fdd\u8b49\uff08\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u78ba\u4fdd\u6263\u6b3e\u548c\u51fa\u8ca8\u5168\u6210\u529f\u6216\u5168\u5931\u6557\uff09\u548c\u8907\u96dc\u7684 JOIN \u67e5\u8a62\uff08\u8a02\u55ae\u3001\u5eab\u5b58\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u660e\u78ba\u95dc\u806f\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u61c9\u9078\u64c7 SQL \u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u3002NoSQL \u96d6\u7136\u64f4\u5c55\u6027\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u9700\u8981\u5f37\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u5834\u666f\u4e2d\u4e0d\u662f\u9996\u9078\u3002\"\n      };\n\n      function checkAnswer(qNum, selected, correctAns) {\n        const question = document.getElementById(\"q\" + qNum);\n        if (question.classList.contains(\"answered\")) return;\n\n        question.classList.add(\"answered\");\n        answered++;\n\n        const options = question.querySelectorAll(\".options li\");\n        options.forEach((opt) => {\n          opt.classList.add(\"disabled\");\n          if (opt.textContent.startsWith(correctAns + \".\")) {\n            opt.classList.add(\"show-answer\");\n          }\n        });\n\n        const feedback = document.getElementById(\"fb\" + qNum);\n        if (selected === correctAns) {\n          correct++;\n          feedback.className = \"feedback correct\";\n          feedback.innerHTML = \"\u2713 \u6b63\u78ba\uff01\" + explanations[qNum];\n        } else {\n          feedback.className = \"feedback wrong\";\n          feedback.innerHTML =\n            \"\u2717 \u932f\u8aa4\u3002\u6b63\u78ba\u7b54\u6848\u662f \" + correctAns + \"\u3002\" + explanations[qNum];\n          options.forEach((opt) => {\n            if (opt.textContent.startsWith(selected + \".\")) {\n              opt.classList.add(\"wrong\");\n            }\n          });\n        }\n\n        if (answered === total) {\n          const scoreDiv = document.getElementById(\"score\");\n          scoreDiv.style.display = \"block\";\n          scoreDiv.innerHTML =\n            \"\u6e2c\u9a57\u5b8c\u6210\uff01\u5f97\u5206\uff1a\" +\n            correct +\n            \" \/ \" +\n            total +\n            (correct === total\n              ? \" \ud83c\udf89 \u5168\u5c0d\uff01\"\n              : correct >= Math.ceil(total * 0.6)\n                ? \" \ud83d\udc4d \u4e0d\u932f\uff01\"\n                : \" \ud83d\udcda \u518d\u8907\u7fd2\u4e00\u4e0b\u5427\");\n        }\n      }\n    \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f60\u77e5\u9053 client \u548c server \u6703\u4e92\u76f8\u6e9d\u901a\uff0c\u4f46\u300cAPI\u300d\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u89d2\u8272\uff1fREST \u548c GraphQL \u5dee\u5728\u54ea\uff1f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6709 SQL \u548c NoSQL \u5169\u5927\u9663\u71df\uff1f\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5e6b\u4f60\u5efa\u7acb\u5224\u65b7\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u89e3\u6c7a\u4ec0\u9ebc\u554f\u984c\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56f0\u60d1\uff0c\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u9069\u5408\u4f60\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n\n<li>Client \u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u5b58\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u4e2d\u9593\u90a3\u5c64 API \u5230\u5e95\u5728\u5e79\u561b\uff1f<\/li>\n\n\n<li>REST \u548c GraphQL \u90fd\u662f API\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6642\u5019\u8a72\u7528\u54ea\u500b\uff1f<\/li>\n\n\n<li>\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u9078\u578b\u6642\uff0cSQL \u548c NoSQL \u600e\u9ebc\u9078\uff1f<\/li>\n\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u524d\u7f6e\u77e5\u8b58<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u7bc7\u5047\u8a2d\u4f60\u5df2\u7d93\u8b80\u904e\u7b2c 1 \u7bc7\uff0c\u7406\u89e3 Client-Server \u67b6\u69cb\u548c HTTP \u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. API \u2014 Client \u548c Server \u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u300c\u4e2d\u9593\u4eba\u300d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\u660e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">API\uff08Application Programming Interface\uff09\u662f client \u548c server \u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u5408\u7d04\uff0c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e86\u300c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u554f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3001\u600e\u9ebc\u554f\u3001\u6703\u5f97\u5230\u4ec0\u9ebc\u56de\u7b54\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e0d\u8b93 client \u76f4\u63a5\u5b58\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff1f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u60f3\u50cf\u4e00\u500b\u5834\u666f\uff1a\u4f60\u5728\u624b\u6a5f App \u4e0a\u67e5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8a02\u55ae\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\">\u76f4\u63a5\u5b58\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff08\u5371\u96aa\uff01\u4e0d\u6703\u9019\u6a23\u505a\uff09\uff1a\nApp \u2192 \u76f4\u63a5\u9023 Database \u2192 SELECT * FROM orders WHERE user_id = 123\n\n\u900f\u904e API\uff08\u6b63\u78ba\u505a\u6cd5\uff09\uff1a\nApp \u2192 \u767c HTTP \u8acb\u6c42\u7d66 API \u2192 API \u9a57\u8b49\u8eab\u4efd \u2192 API \u67e5\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab \u2192 \u56de\u50b3\u7d50\u679c\n<\/code><\/span><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8981\u591a\u9019\u4e00\u5c64\uff1f\u4e09\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u539f\u56e0\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u539f\u56e0<\/th>\n<th>\u89e3\u91cb<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>API \u53ef\u4ee5\u9a57\u8b49\u8eab\u4efd\u3001\u904e\u6ffe\u8acb\u6c42\u3002\u76f4\u63a5\u9023\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7b49\u65bc\u628a\u9470\u5319\u4ea4\u51fa\u53bb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u89e3\u8026<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u524d\u7aef\u548c\u5f8c\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u7368\u7acb\u958b\u767c\u3002\u53ea\u8981 API \u5408\u7d04\u4e0d\u8b8a\uff0c\u96d9\u65b9\u96a8\u4fbf\u6539<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u63a7\u5236<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>API \u53ef\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u6d41\u91cf\u3001\u8a18\u9304\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u8f49\u63db\u8cc7\u6599\u683c\u5f0f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6700\u5c0f\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1aAPI \u7684 Request-Response \u6a21\u5f0f<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"JavaScript\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"javascript\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-javascript\">Client \u767c\u51fa\u8acb\u6c42\uff08Request\uff09\uff1a\nGET \/api\/orders\/<span class=\"hljs-number\">456<\/span>\n\nServer \u56de\u50b3\u56de\u61c9\uff08Response\uff09\uff1a\n{\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"id\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-number\">456<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"status\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"shipped\"<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"total\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-number\">1200<\/span>\n}\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">JavaScript<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">javascript<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7ffb\u8b6f<\/strong>\uff1aClient \u554f\u300c456 \u865f\u8a02\u55ae\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u5982\u4f55\uff1f\u300d\uff0cServer \u56de\u7b54\u300c\u5df2\u51fa\u8ca8\uff0c\u7e3d\u5171 1200 \u5143\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21 API \u6e9d\u901a\u90fd\u9075\u5faa\u9019\u500b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a<strong>Request\uff08\u554f\uff09\u2192 Response\uff08\u7b54\uff09<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. REST API \u2014 \u76ee\u524d\u6700\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684 API \u98a8\u683c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\u660e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">REST \u7528 URL \u4ee3\u8868\u300c\u8cc7\u6e90\u300d\uff0c\u7528 HTTP \u65b9\u6cd5\u8868\u793a\u300c\u8981\u5c0d\u8cc7\u6e90\u505a\u4ec0\u9ebc\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u7ffb\u8b6f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u4f60\u6703\u770b\u5230<\/th>\n<th>\u610f\u601d<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><code>GET \/users\/123<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u8b80\u53d6 ID \u70ba 123 \u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>POST \/users<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u8005<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>PUT \/users\/123<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u66f4\u65b0 ID \u70ba 123 \u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff08\u6574\u500b\u66ff\u63db\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>DELETE \/users\/123<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u522a\u9664 ID \u70ba 123 \u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>Stateless<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u6bcf\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u7368\u7acb\uff0cserver \u4e0d\u8a18\u5f97\u4e0a\u4e00\u500b\u8acb\u6c42<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u9010\u884c\u7ffb\u8b6f\uff1a\u4e00\u500b\u5178\u578b\u7684 REST API \u547c\u53eb<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u8005<\/span>\ncurl -X POST https:<span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/api.example.com\/users \\   # \u5c0d \/users \u767c\u51fa POST \u8acb\u6c42\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\uff09<\/span>\n     -H <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Content-Type: application\/json\"<\/span> \\      <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u544a\u8a34 server\uff1a\u6211\u9001\u7684\u662f JSON \u683c\u5f0f<\/span>\n     -H <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Authorization: Bearer eyJhb...\"<\/span> \\      <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u9644\u4e0a\u8eab\u4efd\u9a57\u8b49 token<\/span>\n     -d <span class=\"hljs-string\">'{\"name\": \"Alice\", \"email\": \"a@b.com\"}'<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u8cc7\u6599<\/span>\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Server \u56de\u61c9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"JSON \/ JSON with Comments\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"json\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-json\">{\n  <span class=\"hljs-attr\">\"id\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-number\">789<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-attr\">\"name\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Alice\"<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-attr\">\"email\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"a@b.com\"<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-attr\">\"created_at\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"2026-02-23T10:00:00Z\"<\/span>\n}\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">JSON \/ JSON with Comments<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">json<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7ffb\u8b6f<\/strong>\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u8981\u5728 \/users \u9019\u500b\u96c6\u5408\u88e1\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u7b46\u65b0\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u5167\u5bb9\u662f name \u548c email\uff0cserver \u56de\u50b3\u5efa\u7acb\u597d\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8cc7\u6599\uff08\u5305\u542b\u81ea\u52d5\u7522\u751f\u7684 id \u548c\u6642\u9593\uff09\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">REST \u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u54f2\u5b78\uff1aResource-based<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">REST \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u300c\u8cc7\u6e90\u300d\u3002\u6bcf\u500b URL \u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u500b\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0cHTTP \u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee3\u8868\u52d5\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\">\u8cc7\u6e90\uff08\u540d\u8a5e\uff09  +  \u52d5\u4f5c\uff08\u52d5\u8a5e\uff09  =  API \u7aef\u9ede\n\n\/users         GET            \u2192 \u53d6\u5f97\u6240\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\n\/users\/123     GET            \u2192 \u53d6\u5f97\u7279\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\n\/users         POST           \u2192 \u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\n\/users\/123     PUT            \u2192 \u66f4\u65b0\u7279\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\n\/users\/123     DELETE         \u2192 \u522a\u9664\u7279\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\n<\/code><\/span><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Stateless \u2014 \u7121\u72c0\u614b\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u610f\u601d\uff1f<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\">\u6709\u72c0\u614b\uff08Stateful\uff09\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\uff1a\n\u4f60\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u8981\u67e5\u8a02\u55ae\u300d\n\u5e97\u54e1\uff1a\uff08\u8a18\u4f4f\u4f60\u662f\u8ab0\uff09\u300c\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u738b\u5148\u751f\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u8a02\u55ae...\u300d\n\n\u7121\u72c0\u614b\uff08Stateless\uff09\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\uff1a\n\u4f60\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u662f\u738b\u5148\u751f\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6211\u7684\u6703\u54e1\u5361\uff0c\u6211\u8981\u67e5\u8a02\u55ae 456\u300d\n\u5e97\u54e1\uff1a\u300c\u597d\u7684\uff0c456 \u865f\u8a02\u55ae\u5df2\u51fa\u8ca8\u300d\n\u4f60\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u662f\u738b\u5148\u751f\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6211\u7684\u6703\u54e1\u5361\uff0c\u6211\u8981\u67e5\u8a02\u55ae 789\u300d\n\u5e97\u54e1\uff1a\u300c\u597d\u7684\uff0c789 \u865f\u8a02\u55ae\u8655\u7406\u4e2d\u300d\n<\/code><\/span><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6bcf\u6b21\u8acb\u6c42\u90fd\u8981\u300c\u91cd\u65b0\u81ea\u6211\u4ecb\u7d39\u300d\uff08\u5e36\u4e0a token\uff09\uff0cserver \u4e0d\u6703\u8a18\u4f4f\u4f60\u4e0a\u6b21\u554f\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002\u9019\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u591a\u9918\uff0c\u4f46\u597d\u8655\u662f\uff1a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u53f0 server \u90fd\u80fd\u8655\u7406\u4f60\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u627e\u5230\u300c\u4e0a\u6b21\u8ddf\u4f60\u804a\u904e\u7684\u90a3\u53f0\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u5c0d\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u7cfb\u7d71\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. GraphQL \u2014 \u8b93 Client \u6c7a\u5b9a\u8981\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8cc7\u6599<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\u660e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">GraphQL \u8b93 client \u7cbe\u78ba\u63cf\u8ff0\u300c\u6211\u8981\u54ea\u4e9b\u6b04\u4f4d\u300d\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u8acb\u6c42\u62ff\u5230\u6240\u6709\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">REST \u7684\u75db\u9ede\uff1aOver-fetching \u8207 Under-fetching<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u60f3\u50cf\u4f60\u5728\u505a\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u500b\u4eba\u9801\u9762\u300d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u986f\u793a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u540d\u7a31\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u8a02\u55ae\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\">\u7528 REST\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5169\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\uff1a\n\n1. GET \/users\/123\n   \u56de\u50b3\uff1a{ id, name, email, phone, address, birthday, ... }\n   \u2192 Over-fetching\uff1a\u4f60\u53ea\u9700\u8981 name\uff0c\u537b\u62ff\u5230\u4e00\u5806\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6b04\u4f4d\n\n2. GET \/users\/123\/orders\n   \u56de\u50b3\uff1a&#91;{ id, status, total, items, ... }, ...]\n   \u2192 \u8981\u767c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u624d\u80fd\u62ff\u5230\u8a02\u55ae\n   \u2192 Under-fetching\uff1a\u4e00\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u62ff\u4e0d\u5230\u4f60\u8981\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8cc7\u6599\n<\/code><\/span><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">GraphQL \u600e\u9ebc\u89e3\u6c7a<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-4\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u7528 GraphQL\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u641e\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ea\u62ff\u4f60\u8981\u7684\u6b04\u4f4d\uff1a<\/span>\n\nquery {\n  user(id: <span class=\"hljs-number\">123<\/span>) {    <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u6211\u8981 ID 123 \u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005<\/span>\n    name             <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u53ea\u8981\u540d\u5b57<\/span>\n    orders {         <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u9084\u6709\u4ed6\u7684\u8a02\u55ae<\/span>\n      id             <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u8a02\u55ae\u53ea\u8981 id<\/span>\n      status         <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># \u548c\u72c0\u614b<\/span>\n    }\n  }\n}\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-4\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Server \u56de\u61c9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-5\" data-shcb-language-name=\"JSON \/ JSON with Comments\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"json\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-json\">{\n  <span class=\"hljs-attr\">\"data\"<\/span>: {\n    <span class=\"hljs-attr\">\"user\"<\/span>: {\n      <span class=\"hljs-attr\">\"name\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Alice\"<\/span>,\n      <span class=\"hljs-attr\">\"orders\"<\/span>: &#91;\n        { <span class=\"hljs-attr\">\"id\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-number\">456<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-attr\">\"status\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"shipped\"<\/span> },\n        { <span class=\"hljs-attr\">\"id\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-number\">789<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-attr\">\"status\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"pending\"<\/span> }\n      ]\n    }\n  }\n}\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-5\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">JSON \/ JSON with Comments<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">json<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7ffb\u8b6f<\/strong>\uff1a\u300c\u7d66\u6211 123 \u865f\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8a02\u55ae\u7684 id \u548c\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6211\u4e0d\u8981\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">REST vs GraphQL \u5feb\u901f\u6c7a\u7b56\u6a39<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\">Q1: \u4f60\u7684\u524d\u7aef\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u5426\u7d93\u5e38\u8b8a\u52d5\uff1f\n\u251c\u2500 \u7d93\u5e38\u8b8a\uff08\u5feb\u901f\u8fed\u4ee3\u4e2d\uff09\u2192 \u8003\u616e GraphQL\n\u2514\u2500 \u5f88\u7a69\u5b9a \u2192 \u7e7c\u7e8c Q2\n\nQ2: \u524d\u7aef\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u591a\u6b21 API \u547c\u53eb\u624d\u80fd\u6e4a\u9f4a\uff1f\n\u251c\u2500 \u662f\uff08\u8981\u6253\u597d\u5e7e\u500b endpoint\uff09\u2192 \u8003\u616e GraphQL\n\u2514\u2500 \u4e00\u500b endpoint \u5c31\u80fd\u641e\u5b9a \u2192 \u7e7c\u7e8c Q3\n\nQ3: \u4f60\u7684\u5718\u968a\u6709 GraphQL \u7d93\u9a57\u55ce\uff1f\n\u251c\u2500 \u6709 \u2192 \u7528 GraphQL\n\u2514\u2500 \u6c92\u6709 \u2192 \u7528 REST\uff08\u5b78\u7fd2\u6210\u672c\u4f4e\uff0c\u751f\u614b\u6210\u719f\uff09\n<\/code><\/span><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u60c5\u5883\u901f\u67e5\u8868<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u60c5\u5883<\/th>\n<th>\u5efa\u8b70<\/th>\n<th>\u539f\u56e0<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7c21\u55ae CRUD \u61c9\u7528<\/td>\n<td>REST<\/td>\n<td>\u76f4\u89ba\u3001\u5de5\u5177\u6210\u719f\u3001\u5920\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u624b\u6a5f App\uff08\u7701\u6d41\u91cf\uff09<\/td>\n<td>GraphQL<\/td>\n<td>\u53ea\u62ff\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6b04\u4f4d\uff0c\u7701\u983b\u5bec<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u591a\u7a2e client \u5171\u7528\u540c\u4e00 API<\/td>\n<td>GraphQL<\/td>\n<td>\u5404 client \u81ea\u8a02\u67e5\u8a62<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u958b\u653e API<\/td>\n<td>REST<\/td>\n<td>\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u597d\u5beb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5fae\u670d\u52d9\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6e9d\u901a<\/td>\n<td>REST\uff08\u6216 gRPC\uff09<\/td>\n<td>\u7c21\u55ae\u76f4\u63a5\uff0c\u6548\u80fd\u597d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u5de2\u72c0\u8cc7\u6599\u67e5\u8a62<\/td>\n<td>GraphQL<\/td>\n<td>\u4e00\u6b21\u67e5\u8a62\u53d6\u5f97\u6240\u6709\u95dc\u806f\u8cc7\u6599<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5e38\u898b\u5751\uff1aGraphQL \u4e0d\u662f\u842c\u9748\u4e39<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u75c7\u72c0<\/strong>\uff1a\u807d\u8aaa GraphQL \u6bd4 REST \u597d\uff0c\u5168\u9762\u6539\u7528 GraphQL\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u958b\u767c\u8b8a\u6162\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6703\u767c\u751f<\/strong>\uff1a GraphQL \u9700\u8981\u984d\u5916\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u6210\u672c\uff08Schema \u5b9a\u7fa9\u3001Resolver \u64b0\u5beb\u3001Client \u7aef cache \u7ba1\u7406\uff09\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u7c21\u55ae\u7684 CRUD \u61c9\u7528\uff0cREST \u7684 convention \u5df2\u7d93\u5920\u7528\uff0c\u5f15\u5165 GraphQL \u53cd\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u8907\u96dc\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u5224\u65b7\u539f\u5247<\/strong>\uff1a \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684 API \u7528 REST \u5beb\u8d77\u4f86\u5f88\u9806\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u9047\u5230 over-fetching \u6216 under-fetching \u7684\u75db\u9ede\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5207\u63db\u5230 GraphQL\u3002\u89e3\u6c7a\u771f\u5be6\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u89e3\u6c7a\u5047\u60f3\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Database \u2014 \u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u6a94\u6848\u5b58\u8cc7\u6599\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\u660e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u662f\u5c08\u9580\u7528\u4f86\u9ad8\u6548\u5132\u5b58\u3001\u67e5\u8a62\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6a94\u6848 vs \u8cc7\u6599\u5eab<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\">\u7528\u6a94\u6848\u5b58\u8cc7\u6599\uff1a\n- \u60f3\u627e\u4e00\u7b46\u8a02\u55ae\uff1f \u2192 \u8b80\u53d6\u6574\u500b\u6a94\u6848\uff0c\u4e00\u884c\u884c\u627e\n- \u5169\u500b\u4eba\u540c\u6642\u6539\u8cc7\u6599\uff1f \u2192 \u6a94\u6848\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8986\u84cb\n- \u60f3\u4fdd\u8b49\u300c\u6263\u6b3e\u548c\u51fa\u8ca8\u300d\u4e00\u8d77\u5b8c\u6210\uff1f \u2192 \u81ea\u5df1\u5beb\u908f\u8f2f\uff0c\u8d85\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa bug\n\n\u7528\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff1a\n- \u60f3\u627e\u4e00\u7b46\u8a02\u55ae\uff1f \u2192 \u7528\u7d22\u5f15\uff08Index\uff09\uff0c\u6beb\u79d2\u7d1a\u627e\u5230\n- \u5169\u500b\u4eba\u540c\u6642\u6539\u8cc7\u6599\uff1f \u2192 \u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u81ea\u52d5\u8655\u7406\u4e26\u767c\uff08Concurrency Control\uff09\n- \u60f3\u4fdd\u8b49\u300c\u6263\u6b3e\u548c\u51fa\u8ca8\u300d\u4e00\u8d77\u5b8c\u6210\uff1f \u2192 \u4ea4\u6613\uff08Transaction\uff09\uff0c\u5168\u6210\u529f\u6216\u5168\u5931\u6557\n<\/code><\/span><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u4fdd\u969c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u4fdd\u969c<\/th>\n<th>\u89e3\u91cb<\/th>\n<th>\u985e\u6bd4<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u7d22\u5f15\uff08Index\uff09<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u5e6b\u8cc7\u6599\u5efa\u76ee\u9304\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u67e5\u8a62<\/td>\n<td>\u66f8\u672c\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u9801\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u7ffb\u5b8c\u6574\u672c\u66f8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u4ea4\u6613\uff08Transaction\uff09<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u591a\u500b\u64cd\u4f5c\u7d81\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5168\u6210\u529f\u6216\u5168\u5931\u6557<\/td>\n<td>\u9280\u884c\u8f49\u5e33\uff1a\u6263\u6b3e\u548c\u5165\u5e33\u5fc5\u9808\u540c\u6642\u5b8c\u6210<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u4e26\u767c\u63a7\u5236\uff08Concurrency\uff09<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u591a\u4eba\u540c\u6642\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u6703\u4e92\u76f8\u5e72\u64fe<\/td>\n<td>\u591a\u4eba\u540c\u6642\u7de8\u8f2f Google Docs \u4e0d\u6703\u8986\u84cb\u5f7c\u6b64<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. SQL vs NoSQL \u2014 \u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u600e\u9ebc\u9078\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\u660e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SQL \u662f\u300c\u7d50\u69cb\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u8868\u683c\u300d\uff0cNoSQL \u662f\u300c\u5f48\u6027\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5bb9\u5668\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6700\u5c0f\u7bc4\u4f8b\u5c0d\u7167<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>SQL\uff08\u4ee5 PostgreSQL \u70ba\u4f8b\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\">-- \u8cc7\u6599\u9577\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\uff08Schema\uff09\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u4e8b\u5148\u5b9a\u7fa9\nCREATE TABLE users (\n    id    INT PRIMARY KEY,    -- \u6bcf\u500b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6709\u552f\u4e00 ID\n    name  VARCHAR(100),       -- \u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u6700\u591a 100 \u5b57\n    email VARCHAR(200)        -- \u4fe1\u7bb1\uff0c\u6700\u591a 200 \u5b57\n);\n\n-- \u67e5\u8a62\uff1a\u627e\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u8a02\u55ae\u91d1\u984d\u8d85\u904e 1000 \u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\nSELECT users.name, orders.total\nFROM users\nJOIN orders ON users.id = orders.user_id   -- \u628a\u5169\u5f35\u8868\u9023\u8d77\u4f86\nWHERE orders.total &gt; 1000;                 -- \u689d\u4ef6\uff1a\u91d1\u984d\u8d85\u904e 1000\n<\/code><\/span><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7ffb\u8b6f<\/strong>\uff1a\u5148\u5b9a\u7fa9\u300c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u9577\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u300d\uff08\u50cf Excel \u7684\u6b04\u4f4d\u6a19\u984c\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u7528 SQL \u8a9e\u8a00\u8de8\u8868\u683c\u67e5\u8a62\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>NoSQL\uff08\u4ee5 MongoDB \u70ba\u4f8b\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-6\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/ \u76f4\u63a5\u585e\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u4e8b\u5148\u5b9a\u7fa9 Schema<\/span>\ndb.users.insertOne({\n    name: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Alice\"<\/span>,\n    email: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"alice@example.com\"<\/span>,\n    orders: &#91;                      <span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/ \u8a02\u55ae\u76f4\u63a5\u585e\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u88e1\u9762<\/span>\n        { id: <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, total: <span class=\"hljs-number\">1500<\/span> },\n        { id: <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>, total: <span class=\"hljs-number\">800<\/span> }\n    ]\n})\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/ \u67e5\u8a62\uff1a\u627e\u51fa\u6709\u8a02\u55ae\u91d1\u984d\u8d85\u904e 1000 \u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005<\/span>\ndb.users.find({ <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"orders.total\"<\/span>: { $gt: <span class=\"hljs-number\">1000<\/span> } })\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-6\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7ffb\u8b6f<\/strong>\uff1a\u8cc7\u6599\u50cf JSON \u4e00\u6a23\u585e\u9032\u53bb\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u4e8b\u5148\u5b9a\u7fa9\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff08\u8a02\u55ae\uff09\u76f4\u63a5\u653e\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u6587\u4ef6\u88e1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6838\u5fc3\u5dee\u7570\u6bd4\u8f03<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u9762\u5411<\/th>\n<th>SQL\uff08\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\uff09<\/th>\n<th>NoSQL\uff08\u975e\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\uff09<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8cc7\u6599\u7d50\u69cb<\/td>\n<td>\u56fa\u5b9a\u6b04\u4f4d\uff08\u8868\u683c\uff09<\/td>\n<td>\u5f48\u6027\u7d50\u69cb\uff08JSON-like\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u95dc\u806f\u6027<\/td>\n<td>\u7528 JOIN \u9023\u63a5\u591a\u5f35\u8868<\/td>\n<td>\u901a\u5e38\u628a\u76f8\u95dc\u8cc7\u6599\u653e\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Schema<\/td>\n<td>\u5fc5\u9808\u4e8b\u5148\u5b9a\u7fa9<\/td>\n<td>\u96a8\u6642\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b0\u589e\u6b04\u4f4d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4fdd\u8b49<\/td>\n<td>ACID\uff08\u5f37\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff09<\/td>\n<td>\u591a\u6578\u662f\u6700\u7d42\u4e00\u81f4\u6027<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u64f4\u5c55\u65b9\u5f0f<\/td>\n<td>\u5782\u76f4\u64f4\u5c55\uff08\u5347\u7d1a\u6a5f\u5668\uff09<\/td>\n<td>\u6c34\u5e73\u64f4\u5c55\uff08\u52a0\u66f4\u591a\u6a5f\u5668\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u67e5\u8a62\u8a9e\u8a00<\/td>\n<td>\u6a19\u6e96 SQL<\/td>\n<td>\u5404\u5bb6\u4e0d\u540c\uff08MongoDB \u7528 JSON \u8a9e\u6cd5\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ACID \u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u4e00\u5f35\u5716\u770b\u61c2<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\">ACID \u5c31\u662f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u56db\u500b\u4fdd\u8b49\uff1a\n\nA - Atomicity\uff08\u539f\u5b50\u6027\uff09\n    \u300c\u5168\u505a\u6216\u5168\u4e0d\u505a\u300d\n    \u4f8b\uff1a\u8f49\u5e33\u6642\uff0c\u6263\u6b3e\u548c\u5165\u5e33\u8981\u9ebc\u90fd\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u8981\u9ebc\u90fd\u4e0d\u505a\n\nC - Consistency\uff08\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff09\n    \u300c\u8cc7\u6599\u6c38\u9060\u5408\u7406\u300d\n    \u4f8b\uff1a\u5e33\u6236\u9918\u984d\u4e0d\u6703\u8b8a\u6210\u8ca0\u6578\n\nI - Isolation\uff08\u9694\u96e2\u6027\uff09\n    \u300c\u4e92\u4e0d\u5e72\u64fe\u300d\n    \u4f8b\uff1a\u5169\u500b\u4eba\u540c\u6642\u8f49\u5e33\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u548c\u4e00\u500b\u4e00\u500b\u8f49\u4e00\u6a23\n\nD - Durability\uff08\u6301\u4e45\u6027\uff09\n    \u300c\u5b58\u4e86\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u4e1f\u300d\n    \u4f8b\uff1a\u7cfb\u7d71\u7576\u6a5f\u91cd\u555f\u5f8c\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u9084\u5728\n<\/code><\/span><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">SQL vs NoSQL \u5feb\u901f\u6c7a\u7b56\u6a39<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\">Q1: \u4f60\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u55ce\uff1f\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6709\u8a02\u55ae\uff0c\u8a02\u55ae\u6709\u5546\u54c1\uff09\n\u251c\u2500 \u6709\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7d93\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u8de8\u8868\u67e5\u8a62 \u2192 SQL\n\u2514\u2500 \u6c92\u6709\u592a\u591a\u95dc\u806f\uff0c\u6216\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cd\u6b63\u898f\u5316 \u2192 \u7e7c\u7e8c Q2\n\nQ2: \u8cc7\u6599\u683c\u5f0f\u6703\u7d93\u5e38\u6539\u8b8a\u55ce\uff1f\n\u251c\u2500 \u6703\uff08\u5feb\u901f\u8fed\u4ee3\u3001\u6bcf\u500b\u7269\u4ef6\u6b04\u4f4d\u4e0d\u540c\uff09\u2192 NoSQL\n\u2514\u2500 \u4e0d\u592a\u6703 \u2192 \u7e7c\u7e8c Q3\n\nQ3: \u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5f37\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff08ACID\uff09\u55ce\uff1f\n\u251c\u2500 \u9700\u8981\uff08\u91d1\u878d\u3001\u5eab\u5b58\u7b49\u4e0d\u80fd\u51fa\u932f\u7684\uff09\u2192 SQL\n\u2514\u2500 \u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u77ed\u66ab\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff08\u793e\u7fa4\u8cbc\u6587\u3001\u65e5\u8a8c\u7b49\uff09\u2192 NoSQL\n\nQ4: \u4f60\u9810\u671f\u8981\u8655\u7406\u591a\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff1f\n\u251c\u2500 \u8d85\u5927\u91cf + \u9700\u8981\u6c34\u5e73\u64f4\u5c55 \u2192 NoSQL\n\u2514\u2500 \u4e2d\u7b49\u898f\u6a21 \u2192 SQL\uff08PostgreSQL \u5df2\u7d93\u5f88\u80fd\u6253\u4e86\uff09\n<\/code><\/span><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u60c5\u5883\u901f\u67e5\u8868<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u60c5\u5883<\/th>\n<th>\u5efa\u8b70<\/th>\n<th>\u539f\u56e0<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u96fb\u5546\u7cfb\u7d71\uff08\u8a02\u55ae\u3001\u5eab\u5b58\uff09<\/td>\n<td>SQL\uff08PostgreSQL\uff09<\/td>\n<td>\u9700\u8981 ACID\u3001\u8907\u96dc JOIN \u67e5\u8a62<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u793e\u7fa4\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u52d5\u614b\u7246<\/td>\n<td>NoSQL\uff08MongoDB\uff09<\/td>\n<td>\u8cc7\u6599\u683c\u5f0f\u591a\u8b8a\u3001\u8b80\u53d6\u91cf\u5927<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8a8d\u8b49\u7cfb\u7d71<\/td>\n<td>SQL<\/td>\n<td>\u5e33\u865f\u8cc7\u6599\u9700\u8981\u5f37\u4e00\u81f4\u6027<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>IoT \u611f\u6e2c\u5668\u8cc7\u6599<\/td>\n<td>NoSQL \/ \u6642\u5e8f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab<\/td>\n<td>\u5927\u91cf\u5beb\u5165\u3001\u7d50\u69cb\u7c21\u55ae<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5feb\u53d6\u5c64<\/td>\n<td>Redis\uff08NoSQL\uff09<\/td>\n<td>\u6beb\u79d2\u7d1a\u8b80\u5beb\u3001key-value \u7d50\u69cb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u65b0\u5275 MVP \u5feb\u901f\u958b\u767c<\/td>\n<td>SQL\uff08PostgreSQL\uff09<\/td>\n<td>\u842c\u7528\u3001\u793e\u7fa4\u5927\u3001\u9047\u5230\u554f\u984c\u597d\u627e\u89e3\u7b54<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5e38\u898b\u5751\uff1aNoSQL \u4e0d\u7b49\u65bc\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8a2d\u8a08<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u75c7\u72c0<\/strong>\uff1a\u9078\u4e86 MongoDB\uff0c\u4ee5\u70ba\u4e0d\u7528\u7ba1 Schema\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u8cc7\u6599\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u4e82\uff0c\u67e5\u8a62\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u6162\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6703\u767c\u751f<\/strong>\uff1a NoSQL \u7684\u300c\u5f48\u6027 Schema\u300d\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u300c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8a2d\u8a08\u300d\u3002\u4f60\u9084\u662f\u9700\u8981\u6839\u64da\u67e5\u8a62\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f86\u8a2d\u8a08\u8cc7\u6599\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cMongoDB \u7684\u6548\u80fd\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8cf4\u4f60\u600e\u9ebc\u7d44\u7e54\u6587\u4ef6\uff08Document\uff09\u2014 \u54ea\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u8981\u5d4c\u5165\uff08embed\uff09\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u8981\u5f15\u7528\uff08reference\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u600e\u9ebc\u907f\u514d<\/strong>\uff1a \u5148\u60f3\u6e05\u695a\u300c\u4f60\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6703\u600e\u9ebc\u88ab\u67e5\u8a62\u300d\uff0c\u518d\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8cc7\u6599\u600e\u9ebc\u5b58\u3002\u8ddf AI \u8aaa\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u300c\u6211\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u548c\u8a02\u55ae\u5169\u7a2e\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u67e5\u8a62\u5834\u666f\u662f [\u5217\u51fa\u5834\u666f]\u3002\u6211\u7528 MongoDB\uff0c\u5e6b\u6211\u8a2d\u8a08 Document \u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u4e26\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9019\u6a23\u8a2d\u8a08\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5b8c\u6574\u5c0d\u7167\uff1a\u4e00\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u5f9e Client \u5230 Database<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u628a\u9019\u7bc7\u8b1b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6982\u5ff5\u4e32\u8d77\u4f86\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"cbc-code-wrapper\"><div class=\"cbc-code-bar\"><button class=\"cbc-copy-button\">Copy<\/button><\/div><pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-7\" data-shcb-language-name=\"JavaScript\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"javascript\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-javascript\"><span class=\"hljs-number\">1.<\/span> \u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5728\u624b\u6a5f App \u6309\u4e0b\u300c\u67e5\u770b\u8a02\u55ae\u300d\n\n<span class=\"hljs-number\">2.<\/span> App\uff08Client\uff09\u767c\u51fa REST API \u8acb\u6c42\uff1a\n   GET \/api\/orders?user_id=<span class=\"hljs-number\">123<\/span>\n   <span class=\"hljs-attr\">Authorization<\/span>: Bearer eyJhb...\n\n<span class=\"hljs-number\">3.<\/span> Server \u6536\u5230\u8acb\u6c42\uff0cAPI \u5c64\u8655\u7406\uff1a\n   - \u9a57\u8b49 token\uff08\u9019\u4eba\u662f\u8ab0\uff1f\u6709\u6b0a\u9650\u55ce\uff1f\uff09\n   - \u89e3\u6790\u53c3\u6578\uff08\u8981\u67e5 user_id=<span class=\"hljs-number\">123<\/span> \u7684\u8a02\u55ae\uff09\n\n<span class=\"hljs-number\">4.<\/span> Server \u67e5\u8a62\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff1a\n   SELECT * FROM orders WHERE user_id = <span class=\"hljs-number\">123<\/span>;\n\n<span class=\"hljs-number\">5.<\/span> \u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u56de\u50b3\u7d50\u679c\uff0cServer \u7d44\u88dd\u56de\u61c9\uff1a\n   { <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"orders\"<\/span>: &#91;{ <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"id\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-number\">456<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"status\"<\/span>: <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"shipped\"<\/span> }] }\n\n<span class=\"hljs-number\">6.<\/span> App \u6536\u5230\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u5728\u756b\u9762\u4e0a\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-7\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">JavaScript<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">javascript<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5c0f\u7d50<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u8a18\u4f4f\u9019\u500b\u5224\u65b7\u6846\u67b6<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n\n<li><strong>API \u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u4e2d\u9593\u5c64<\/strong> \u2014 \u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3001\u89e3\u8026\u3001\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u9019\u4e09\u500b\u7406\u7531\u8b93 API \u6210\u70ba\u6a19\u6e96\u505a\u6cd5<\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>REST vs GraphQL<\/strong> \u2014 \u5927\u90e8\u5206\u60c5\u5883 REST \u5c31\u5920\u4e86\u3002\u9047\u5230 over-fetching \/ under-fetching \u7684\u75db\u9ede\u518d\u8003\u616e GraphQL<\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>SQL vs NoSQL<\/strong> \u2014 \u8cc7\u6599\u95dc\u806f\u660e\u78ba + \u9700\u8981\u5f37\u4e00\u81f4\u6027 = SQL\uff1b\u8cc7\u6599\u683c\u5f0f\u591a\u8b8a + \u9700\u8981\u6c34\u5e73\u64f4\u5c55 = NoSQL<\/li>\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u539f\u5247<\/strong>\uff1a \u9078\u6280\u8853\u8981\u770b\u4f60\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u56e0\u70ba\u67d0\u500b\u6280\u8853\u300c\u6bd4\u8f03\u65b0\u300d\u6216\u300c\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u7528\u300d\u5c31\u9078\u5b83\u3002\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0cPostgreSQL + REST API \u5c31\u80fd\u89e3\u6c7a 90% \u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7576\u4f60\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6642\uff0c\u8ddf AI \u8aaa<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u300c\u6211\u5728\u505a\u4e00\u500b [\u61c9\u7528\u985e\u578b]\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u6709 [\u63cf\u8ff0\u8cc7\u6599\u95dc\u806f]\uff0c\u9810\u671f\u898f\u6a21\u662f [\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6578 \/ \u8cc7\u6599\u91cf]\u3002REST \u548c GraphQL \u54ea\u500b\u9069\u5408\uff1f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u8a72\u9078 SQL \u9084\u662f NoSQL\uff1f\u5e6b\u6211\u5206\u6790\u512a\u7f3a\u9ede\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u9810\u544a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c 3 \u7bc7\u6211\u5011\u6703\u9032\u5165\u300cAPI \u67b6\u69cb\u6a21\u5f0f\u300d\uff0c\u8a0e\u8ad6 Proxy\u3001Load Balancer\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca API Gateway \u2014 \u7576\u4f60\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e0d\u53ea\u4e00\u53f0 server \u6642\uff0c\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u7ba1\u7406\u6d41\u91cf\u548c\u8def\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"quiz-6c7377d9\">\n<style>\n#quiz-6c7377d9 .badge {\n        display: inline-block;\n        padding: 4px 10px;\n        border-radius: 12px;\n        font-size: 0.75em;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        margin-left: 8px;\n      }#quiz-6c7377d9 .badge.scenario {\n        background: #ebf8ff;\n        color: #2b6cb0;\n      }#quiz-6c7377d9 .badge.debug {\n        background: #fef3c7;\n        color: #92400e;\n      }#quiz-6c7377d9 .question-adv {\n        background: white;\n        border-radius: 10px;\n        padding: 24px;\n        margin: 20px 0;\n        box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);\n        border-left: 4px solid #ed8936;\n      }#quiz-6c7377d9 .question-adv h3 {\n        margin-top: 0;\n        color: #2d3748;\n      }#quiz-6c7377d9 .code-block {\n        background: #1e1e1e;\n        color: #d4d4d4;\n        padding: 14px;\n        border-radius: 6px;\n        font-family: \"Menlo\", \"Monaco\", \"Courier New\", monospace;\n        font-size: 0.9em;\n        overflow-x: auto;\n        margin: 12px 0;\n        white-space: pre-wrap;\n      }#quiz-6c7377d9 .options-adv {\n        list-style: none;\n        padding: 0;\n      }#quiz-6c7377d9 .options-adv li {\n        padding: 14px 16px;\n        margin: 10px 0;\n        border: 2px solid #e2e8f0;\n        border-radius: 8px;\n        cursor: pointer;\n        transition: all 0.2s;\n      }#quiz-6c7377d9 .options-adv li:hover:not(.disabled) {\n        border-color: #ed8936;\n        background: #fffaf0;\n      }#quiz-6c7377d9 .options-adv li.disabled {\n        cursor: default;\n        opacity: 0.7;\n      }#quiz-6c7377d9 .options-adv li.show-answer {\n        border-color: #48bb78;\n        background: #f0fff4;\n      }#quiz-6c7377d9 .options-adv li.wrong {\n        border-color: #fc8181;\n        background: #fff5f5;\n      }#quiz-6c7377d9 .feedback-adv {\n        margin-top: 16px;\n        padding: 14px;\n        border-radius: 8px;\n        display: none;\n        line-height: 1.6;\n      }#quiz-6c7377d9 .feedback-adv.correct {\n        background: #f0fff4;\n        color: #276749;\n        display: block;\n      }#quiz-6c7377d9 .feedback-adv.wrong {\n        background: #fff5f5;\n        color: #c53030;\n        display: block;\n      }#quiz-6c7377d9 .feedback-adv \n      .score-adv {\n        text-align: center;\n        font-size: 1.4em;\n        padding: 24px;\n        background: white;\n        border-radius: 10px;\n        margin-top: 24px;\n        box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);\n      }#quiz-6c7377d9 .intro {\n        background: #ebf8ff;\n        padding: 16px;\n        border-radius: 8px;\n        margin-bottom: 20px;\n        color: #2c5282;\n      }\n<\/style>\n<h1>\u9032\u968e\u6e2c\u9a57\uff1aAPI \u8a2d\u8a08\u8207\u8cc7\u6599\u5132\u5b58<\/h1>\n    <div class=\"intro\">\n      <strong>\u6e2c\u9a57\u76ee\u6a19\uff1a<\/strong>\u9a57\u8b49\u4f60\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5728\u5be6\u969b\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u61c9\u7528 REST\u3001GraphQL \u8207\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u9078\u578b\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u3002<br \/>\n      \u5171 5 \u984c\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u60c5\u5883\u984c\u8207\u932f\u8aa4\u8a3a\u65b7\u984c\u3002\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- \u60c5\u5883\u984c 1 -->\n    <div class=\"question-adv\" id=\"qAdv1\">\n      <h3>1. \u624b\u6a5f App \u7684 API \u9078\u578b <span class=\"badge scenario\">\u60c5\u5883\u984c<\/span><\/h3>\n      <div class=\"code-block\">\u4f60\u6b63\u5728\u958b\u767c\u4e00\u500b\u624b\u6a5f App\uff0c\u9996\u9801\u9700\u8981\u540c\u6642\u986f\u793a\uff1a\n&#8211; \u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u540d\u7a31\u548c\u982d\u50cf\n&#8211; \u6700\u8fd1 5 \u7b46\u8a02\u55ae\u7684\u72c0\u614b\n&#8211; 3 \u5247\u672a\u8b80\u901a\u77e5\u7684\u6a19\u984c\n\n\u76ee\u524d\u5f8c\u7aef\u4f7f\u7528 REST API\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5206\u5225\u547c\u53eb\uff1a\n  GET \/users\/123\n  GET \/users\/123\/orders?limit=5\n  GET \/users\/123\/notifications?unread=true&#038;limit=3\n\n\u524d\u7aef\u5718\u968a\u53cd\u6620\u9996\u9801\u8f09\u5165\u592a\u6162\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6bcf\u500b API \u90fd\u56de\u50b3\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u7528\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u6b04\u4f4d\u3002<\/div>\n      <p>\u4f5c\u70ba\u6280\u8853\u6c7a\u7b56\u8005\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u5efa\u8b70\u54ea\u500b\u65b9\u6848\uff1f<\/p>\n      <ul class=\"options-adv\">\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(1, 'A', 'B')\">A. \u628a\u4e09\u500b REST endpoint \u5408\u4f75\u6210\u4e00\u500b <code>GET \/homepage<\/code>\uff0c\u56de\u50b3\u6240\u6709\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8cc7\u6599<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(1, 'B', 'B')\">B. \u5c0e\u5165 GraphQL\uff0c\u8b93\u524d\u7aef\u7528\u4e00\u500b query \u7cbe\u78ba\u6307\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6b04\u4f4d\u548c\u8cc7\u6599<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(1, 'C', 'B')\">C. \u4f7f\u7528 WebSocket \u8b93 server \u4e3b\u52d5\u63a8\u9001\u9996\u9801\u8cc7\u6599\u7d66 client<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(1, 'D', 'B')\">D. \u5728\u524d\u7aef\u52a0\u4e0a\u5feb\u53d6\uff0c\u628a\u4e09\u500b API \u7684\u7d50\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u672c\u5730\uff0c\u6e1b\u5c11\u8acb\u6c42\u6b21\u6578<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n      <div class=\"feedback-adv\" id=\"fbAdv1\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- \u60c5\u5883\u984c 2 -->\n    <div class=\"question-adv\" id=\"qAdv2\">\n      <h3>2. \u65b0\u5275 MVP \u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u9078\u578b <span class=\"badge scenario\">\u60c5\u5883\u984c<\/span><\/h3>\n      <div class=\"code-block\">\u4f60\u7684\u5718\u968a\u6b63\u5728\u958b\u767c\u4e00\u500b\u96fb\u5546 MVP\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u529f\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\n&#8211; \u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5e33\u865f\u7ba1\u7406\uff08\u8a3b\u518a\u3001\u767b\u5165\uff09\n&#8211; \u5546\u54c1\u76ee\u9304\uff08\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u6b04\u4f4d\uff1a\u540d\u7a31\u3001\u50f9\u683c\u3001\u5eab\u5b58\uff09\n&#8211; \u8a02\u55ae\u7cfb\u7d71\uff08\u4e0b\u55ae\u6642\u8981\u540c\u6642\u6263\u5eab\u5b58\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u8a02\u55ae\u3001\u6263\u6b3e\uff09\n\n\u5718\u968a\u6210\u54e1\u5efa\u8b70\u7528 MongoDB\uff0c\u7406\u7531\u662f\u300cNoSQL \u6bd4\u8f03\u5feb\u3001\u6bd4\u8f03\u65b0\u3001\n\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u90fd\u5728\u7528\u300d\u3002<\/div>\n      <p>\u4f60\u6703\u600e\u9ebc\u56de\u61c9\u9019\u500b\u5efa\u8b70\uff1f<\/p>\n      <ul class=\"options-adv\">\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(2, 'A', 'C')\">A. \u540c\u610f\u4f7f\u7528 MongoDB\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba NoSQL \u78ba\u5be6\u6bd4 SQL \u5feb\uff0c\u800c\u4e14 Schema \u6bd4\u8f03\u5f48\u6027\uff0c\u9069\u5408\u5feb\u901f\u958b\u767c<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(2, 'B', 'C')\">B. \u5efa\u8b70\u540c\u6642\u4f7f\u7528 PostgreSQL \u548c MongoDB\uff1aPostgreSQL \u5b58\u8a02\u55ae\uff0cMongoDB \u5b58\u5546\u54c1\u76ee\u9304<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(2, 'C', 'C')\">C. \u5efa\u8b70\u4f7f\u7528 PostgreSQL\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u96fb\u5546\u9700\u8981 ACID \u4ea4\u6613\u4fdd\u8b49\uff0c\u4e14\u8cc7\u6599\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u660e\u78ba\u95dc\u806f<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(2, 'D', 'C')\">D. \u5efa\u8b70\u4f7f\u7528 MongoDB \u4f46\u642d\u914d Redis \u505a\u5feb\u53d6\uff0c\u4f86\u5f4c\u88dc NoSQL \u5728\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n      <div class=\"feedback-adv\" id=\"fbAdv2\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- \u60c5\u5883\u984c 3 -->\n    <div class=\"question-adv\" id=\"qAdv3\">\n      <h3>3. API \u4e2d\u9593\u5c64\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027 <span class=\"badge scenario\">\u60c5\u5883\u984c<\/span><\/h3>\n      <div class=\"code-block\">\u4f60\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u6b63\u5728\u505a\u4e00\u500b\u5167\u90e8\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4ed6\u60f3\u8b93\u524d\u7aef\u76f4\u63a5\u9023\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\n\u4f86\u7c21\u5316\u67b6\u69cb\uff1a\n\n\u540c\u4e8b\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff1a\n\u300c\u9019\u53ea\u662f\u5167\u90e8\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5c0d\u5916\u958b\u653e\uff0c\n \u6c92\u6709\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7591\u616e\u3002\u76f4\u63a5\u9023 DB \u9084\u6bd4\u8f03\u5feb\uff0c\n \u4e0d\u7528\u591a\u5beb\u4e00\u5c64 API \u6d6a\u8cbb\u6642\u9593\u3002\u300d\n\n\u76ee\u524d\u9019\u500b\u5de5\u5177\u6709 3 \u500b\u524d\u7aef\u9801\u9762\uff0c\n\u5206\u5225\u9700\u8981\u67e5\u8a62\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u8868\u3002<\/div>\n      <p>\u4f60\u6703\u600e\u9ebc\u8aaa\u670d\u540c\u4e8b\u52a0\u4e0a API \u5c64\uff1f<\/p>\n      <ul class=\"options-adv\">\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(3, 'A', 'D')\">A. \u5b89\u5168\u6027\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u662f\u5167\u90e8\u5de5\u5177\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 API \u5c64\uff0c\u540c\u4e8b\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u6c92\u554f\u984c<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(3, 'B', 'D')\">B. \u76f4\u63a5\u9023 DB \u7121\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528 SQL \u8a9e\u6cd5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u5b9a\u9700\u8981 API \u5c64\u4f86\u8f49\u8b6f\u67e5\u8a62<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(3, 'C', 'D')\">C. \u52a0 API \u5c64\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u6548\u80fd\uff0cAPI \u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5feb\u53d6\u8b93\u67e5\u8a62\u66f4\u5feb<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(3, 'D', 'D')\">D. \u9664\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0cAPI \u5c64\u9084\u63d0\u4f9b\u89e3\u8026\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u597d\u8655 &#8212; \u524d\u5f8c\u7aef\u53ef\u7368\u7acb\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u9650\u6d41\u548c\u8a18\u9304\u64cd\u4f5c<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n      <div class=\"feedback-adv\" id=\"fbAdv3\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- \u932f\u8aa4\u8a3a\u65b7\u984c 1 -->\n    <div class=\"question-adv\" id=\"qAdv4\">\n      <h3>4. REST API \u8a2d\u8a08\u932f\u8aa4 <span class=\"badge debug\">\u932f\u8aa4\u8a3a\u65b7<\/span><\/h3>\n      <div class=\"code-block\">\u5f8c\u7aef\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b REST API\uff1a\n\nPOST \/getUser          &#8212; \u53d6\u5f97\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8cc7\u6599\nPOST \/deleteUser\/123   &#8212; \u522a\u9664\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\nGET  \/createOrder      &#8212; \u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u8a02\u55ae\nPUT  \/users            &#8212; \u66f4\u65b0\u7279\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005<\/div>\n      <p>\u9019\u7d44 API \u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u554f\u984c\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f<\/p>\n      <ul class=\"options-adv\">\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(4, 'A', 'B')\">A. \u8def\u5f91\u4e2d\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u5305\u542b\u6578\u5b57 ID\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u7528 query parameter \u50b3\u905e<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(4, 'B', 'B')\">B. HTTP \u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u52d5\u4f5c\u4e0d\u5339\u914d &#8212; \u8b80\u53d6\u7528\u4e86 POST\u3001\u522a\u9664\u7528\u4e86 POST\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u7528\u4e86 GET\uff0c\u9055\u53cd REST \u7684 resource-based \u8a2d\u8a08\u539f\u5247<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(4, 'C', 'B')\">C. \u8def\u5f91\u547d\u540d\u4e0d\u7d71\u4e00\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u5168\u90e8\u6539\u7528\u8907\u6578\u5f62\u5f0f\u5982 <code>\/users<\/code><\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(4, 'D', 'B')\">D. \u7f3a\u5c11\u7248\u672c\u865f\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u52a0\u4e0a <code>\/v1\/<\/code> \u524d\u7db4<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n      <div class=\"feedback-adv\" id=\"fbAdv4\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- \u932f\u8aa4\u8a3a\u65b7\u984c 2 -->\n    <div class=\"question-adv\" id=\"qAdv5\">\n      <h3>5. MongoDB \u6548\u80fd\u554f\u984c\u8a3a\u65b7 <span class=\"badge debug\">\u932f\u8aa4\u8a3a\u65b7<\/span><\/h3>\n      <div class=\"code-block\">\u5718\u968a\u9078\u7528 MongoDB \u958b\u767c\u793e\u7fa4\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u521d\u671f\u8cc7\u6599\u7d50\u69cb\u8a2d\u8a08\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\n\n\/\/ users collection\n{\n  _id: &#8220;user_001&#8221;,\n  name: &#8220;Alice&#8221;\n}\n\n\/\/ posts collection\n{\n  _id: &#8220;post_001&#8221;,\n  author_id: &#8220;user_001&#8221;,   \/\/ \u5f15\u7528 user\n  content: &#8220;Hello world&#8221;,\n  comments: &#8220;comment_001&#8221;  \/\/ \u5f15\u7528 comment\n}\n\n\/\/ comments collection\n{\n  _id: &#8220;comment_001&#8221;,\n  post_id: &#8220;post_001&#8221;,     \/\/ \u5f15\u7528 post\n  author_id: &#8220;user_001&#8221;,   \/\/ \u5f15\u7528 user\n  text: &#8220;Nice post!&#8221;\n}\n\n\u986f\u793a\u4e00\u7bc7\u8cbc\u6587\uff08\u542b\u4f5c\u8005\u540d\u7a31\u548c\u6240\u6709\u7559\u8a00\uff09\u9700\u8981\u67e5\u8a62 3 \u6b21\u3002\n\u96a8\u8457\u8cc7\u6599\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u9801\u9762\u8f09\u5165\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u6162\u3002<\/div>\n      <p>\u9019\u500b\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u6839\u672c\u554f\u984c\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f<\/p>\n      <ul class=\"options-adv\">\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(5, 'A', 'C')\">A. MongoDB \u672c\u8eab\u6548\u80fd\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u63db\u6210 PostgreSQL<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(5, 'B', 'C')\">B. \u7f3a\u5c11\u7d22\u5f15\uff08Index\uff09\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u5c0d <code>author_id<\/code> \u548c <code>post_id<\/code> \u5efa\u7acb\u7d22\u5f15\u5c31\u80fd\u89e3\u6c7a<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(5, 'C', 'C')\">C. \u7528\u4e86\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u7dad\u4f86\u4f7f\u7528 NoSQL &#8212; \u61c9\u8a72\u5c07\u7559\u8a00\u5d4c\u5165\uff08embed\uff09\u8cbc\u6587\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6e1b\u5c11\u8de8 collection \u67e5\u8a62<\/li>\n        <li onclick=\"checkAnswerAdv(5, 'D', 'C')\">D. MongoDB \u4e0d\u652f\u63f4 JOIN \u67e5\u8a62\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u61c9\u8a72\u5728\u524d\u7aef\u5206\u5225\u8acb\u6c42\u518d\u7d44\u5408\u8cc7\u6599<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n      <div class=\"feedback-adv\" id=\"fbAdv5\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"score-adv\" id=\"scoreAdv\" style=\"display:none;\"><\/div>\n<script>\n\n      let answeredAdv = 0;\n      let correctAdv = 0;\n      const totalAdv = 5;\n      const explanationsAdv = {\n        1: \"\u9019\u500b\u60c5\u5883\u540c\u6642\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86 over-fetching\uff08\u6bcf\u500b API \u56de\u50b3\u592a\u591a\u7528\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u6b04\u4f4d\uff09\u548c under-fetching\uff08\u9700\u8981\u6253\u4e09\u500b endpoint \u624d\u80fd\u6e4a\u9f4a\u8cc7\u6599\uff09\u5169\u500b REST \u7684\u5178\u578b\u75db\u9ede\u3002GraphQL \u80fd\u8b93\u524d\u7aef\u7528\u4e00\u500b query \u7cbe\u78ba\u6307\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6b04\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u8acb\u6c42\u53d6\u5f97\u6240\u6709\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u9078\u9805 A \u96d6\u7136\u6e1b\u5c11\u4e86\u8acb\u6c42\u6b21\u6578\uff0c\u4f46\u5efa\u7acb\u5c08\u7528 endpoint \u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u524d\u5f8c\u7aef\u8026\u5408\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u524d\u7aef\u6539\u9700\u6c42\u90fd\u8981\u6539\u5f8c\u7aef\u3002\u9078\u9805 C \u7684 WebSocket \u662f\u7528\u4f86\u89e3\u6c7a\u5373\u6642\u63a8\u9001\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u89e3\u6c7a\u8cc7\u6599\u67e5\u8a62\u6548\u7387\u554f\u984c\u3002\u9078\u9805 D \u7684\u5feb\u53d6\u53ea\u662f\u7de9\u89e3\u75c7\u72c0\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u89e3\u6c7a\u6839\u672c\u7684 over-fetching \u548c\u591a\u6b21\u8acb\u6c42\u554f\u984c\u3002\",\n        2: \"\u96fb\u5546\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u9700\u6c42\u662f ACID \u4ea4\u6613\u4fdd\u8b49 -- \u4e0b\u55ae\u6642\u9700\u8981\u540c\u6642\u6263\u5eab\u5b58\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u8a02\u55ae\u3001\u6263\u6b3e\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u5fc5\u9808\u300c\u5168\u6210\u529f\u6216\u5168\u5931\u6557\u300d\u3002PostgreSQL \u63d0\u4f9b\u5b8c\u6574\u7684 ACID \u652f\u63f4\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u96fb\u5546\u8cc7\u6599\uff08\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u3001\u5546\u54c1\u3001\u8a02\u55ae\uff09\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u95dc\u806f\uff0c\u9069\u5408\u7528 SQL \u7684 JOIN \u67e5\u8a62\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u5f37\u8abf\u300c\u9078\u6280\u8853\u8981\u770b\u5be6\u969b\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u56e0\u70ba\u67d0\u500b\u6280\u8853\u6bd4\u8f03\u65b0\u5c31\u9078\u5b83\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u65b0\u5275 MVP \u7528 PostgreSQL \u662f\u63a8\u85a6\u505a\u6cd5 -- \u842c\u7528\u3001\u793e\u7fa4\u5927\u3001\u9047\u5230\u554f\u984c\u597d\u627e\u89e3\u7b54\u3002\u9078\u9805 A \u932f\u5728 NoSQL \u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6bd4 SQL \u5feb\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86 ACID \u9700\u6c42\u3002\u9078\u9805 B \u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u5ea6\u3002\u9078\u9805 D \u7528 Redis \u5feb\u53d6\u7121\u6cd5\u66ff\u4ee3\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5c64\u7d1a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u4fdd\u8b49\u3002\",\n        3: \"\u6587\u7ae0\u6307\u51fa API \u4f5c\u70ba\u4e2d\u9593\u5c64\u6709\u4e09\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u539f\u56e0\uff1a\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3001\u89e3\u8026\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5167\u90e8\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u89e3\u8026\u7684\u597d\u8655\u4f9d\u7136\u91cd\u8981 -- \u524d\u7aef\u548c\u5f8c\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u7368\u7acb\u958b\u767c\u548c\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u53ea\u8981 API \u5408\u7d04\u4e0d\u8b8a\uff0c\u96d9\u65b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u96a8\u610f\u8abf\u6574\u3002\u63a7\u5236\u5c64\u9762\u4e5f\u5f88\u5be6\u7528\uff0cAPI \u53ef\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u6d41\u91cf\u3001\u8a18\u9304\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u8f49\u63db\u8cc7\u6599\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u9078\u9805 A \u53ea\u770b\u5230\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u9019\u4e00\u500b\u9762\u5411\u3002\u9078\u9805 B \u4e0d\u6b63\u78ba\uff0c\u524d\u7aef\u6280\u8853\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u9a45\u52d5\u57f7\u884c SQL\u3002\u9078\u9805 C \u96d6\u7136\u5feb\u53d6\u662f API \u7684\u4e00\u500b\u597d\u8655\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u52a0 API \u5c64\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002\",\n        4: \"REST \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8a2d\u8a08\u539f\u5247\u662f resource-based\uff1aURL \u4ee3\u8868\u8cc7\u6e90\uff08\u540d\u8a5e\uff09\uff0cHTTP \u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee3\u8868\u52d5\u4f5c\uff08\u52d5\u8a5e\uff09\u3002\u6b63\u78ba\u8a2d\u8a08\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\uff1a<code>GET \/users\/123<\/code>\uff08\u8b80\u53d6\uff09\u3001<code>DELETE \/users\/123<\/code>\uff08\u522a\u9664\uff09\u3001<code>POST \/orders<\/code>\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\uff09\u3001<code>PUT \/users\/123<\/code>\uff08\u66f4\u65b0\u7279\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff09\u3002\u539f\u8a2d\u8a08\u628a\u52d5\u4f5c\u5beb\u9032\u4e86 URL\uff08getUser\u3001deleteUser\u3001createOrder\uff09\uff0c\u53c8\u7528\u4e86\u932f\u8aa4\u7684 HTTP \u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u7528 POST \u4f86\u8b80\u53d6\u3001\u7528 GET \u4f86\u5efa\u7acb\uff09\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u9055\u53cd\u4e86 REST \u7684 convention\u3002\u9078\u9805 C \u548c D \u63d0\u5230\u7684\u554f\u984c\u96d6\u7136\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u6838\u5fc3\u554f\u984c\u3002\",\n        5: \"\u9019\u662f\u6587\u7ae0\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u5e38\u898b\u5751\uff1a\u300cNoSQL \u4e0d\u7b49\u65bc\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8a2d\u8a08\u300d\u3002\u9019\u500b\u8a2d\u8a08\u628a users\u3001posts\u3001comments \u62c6\u6210\u4e09\u500b\u7368\u7acb\u7684 collection \u4e26\u7528 ID \u4e92\u76f8\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u601d\u7dad\u3002MongoDB \u7684\u6548\u80fd\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8cf4\u4f60\u600e\u9ebc\u7d44\u7e54\u6587\u4ef6 -- \u61c9\u8a72\u6839\u64da\u67e5\u8a62\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f86\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u5c07\u7559\u8a00\u5d4c\u5165\uff08embed\uff09\u5230\u8cbc\u6587\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u986f\u793a\u4e00\u7bc7\u8cbc\u6587\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u6b21\u67e5\u8a62\u3002\u9078\u9805 A \u932f\u5728\u554f\u984c\u4e0d\u662f MongoDB \u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8a2d\u8a08\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u9078\u9805 B \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u80fd\u6539\u5584\u67e5\u8a62\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u7121\u6cd5\u89e3\u6c7a\u9700\u8981\u591a\u6b21\u8de8 collection \u67e5\u8a62\u7684\u6839\u672c\u554f\u984c\u3002\u9078\u9805 D \u628a\u554f\u984c\u63a8\u7d66\u524d\u7aef\u662f\u9003\u907f\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\u3002\"\n      };\n\n      function checkAnswerAdv(qNum, selected, correctAns) {\n        const question = document.getElementById(\"qAdv\" + qNum);\n        if (question.classList.contains(\"answered\")) return;\n\n        question.classList.add(\"answered\");\n        answeredAdv++;\n\n        const options = question.querySelectorAll(\".options-adv li\");\n        options.forEach((opt) => {\n          opt.classList.add(\"disabled\");\n          if (opt.textContent.startsWith(correctAns + \".\")) {\n            opt.classList.add(\"show-answer\");\n          }\n        });\n\n        const feedback = document.getElementById(\"fbAdv\" + qNum);\n        if (selected === correctAns) {\n          correctAdv++;\n          feedback.className = \"feedback-adv correct\";\n          feedback.innerHTML = \"&#10003; \u6b63\u78ba\uff01\" + explanationsAdv[qNum];\n        } else {\n          feedback.className = \"feedback-adv wrong\";\n          feedback.innerHTML =\n            \"&#10007; \u932f\u8aa4\u3002\u6b63\u78ba\u7b54\u6848\u662f \" + correctAns + \"\u3002\" + explanationsAdv[qNum];\n          options.forEach((opt) => {\n            if (opt.textContent.startsWith(selected + \".\")) {\n              opt.classList.add(\"wrong\");\n            }\n          });\n        }\n\n        if (answeredAdv === totalAdv) {\n          const scoreDiv = document.getElementById(\"scoreAdv\");\n          scoreDiv.style.display = \"block\";\n          let msg = \"\";\n          if (correctAdv === totalAdv) msg = \"\u5b8c\u7f8e\uff01\u4f60\u5df2\u7d93\u6e96\u5099\u597d\u5be6\u6230\u4e86\uff01\";\n          else if (correctAdv >= Math.ceil(totalAdv * 0.8))\n            msg = \"\u5f88\u68d2\uff01\u518d\u8907\u7fd2\u4e00\u4e0b\u932f\u7684\u984c\u76ee\";\n          else if (correctAdv >= Math.ceil(totalAdv * 0.6))\n            msg = \"\u5efa\u8b70\u91cd\u8b80\u76f8\u95dc\u6bb5\u843d\u5f8c\u518d\u8a66\u4e00\u6b21\";\n          else msg = \"\u5efa\u8b70\u91cd\u65b0\u95b1\u8b80\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u6ce8\u610f\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\";\n          scoreDiv.innerHTML =\n            \"\u6e2c\u9a57\u5b8c\u6210\uff01\u5f97\u5206\uff1a\" + correctAdv + \" \/ \" + totalAdv + \"<br>\" + msg;\n        }\n      }\n    \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6e2c\u9a57\uff1aAPI \u8a2d\u8a08\u8207\u8cc7\u6599\u5132\u5b58 \u2014 REST\u3001GraphQL \u8207\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u9078\u578b \u5171 5 \u984c\uff0c\u9ede\u9078\u7b54\u6848\u5f8c\u6703\u7acb\u5373\u986f\u793a\u7d50\u679c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rolpb_likes":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[711],"tags":[292,717,719,716,718,701,708],"class_list":["post-763","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-711","tag-api","tag-graphql","tag-nosql","tag-rest","tag-sql","tag-701","tag-708"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":7}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.itsmygo.uk\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/763","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.itsmygo.uk\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.itsmygo.uk\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.itsmygo.uk\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.itsmygo.uk\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=763"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blog.itsmygo.uk\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/763\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.itsmygo.uk\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=763"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.itsmygo.uk\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=763"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.itsmygo.uk\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=763"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}